New relationships between production and patent activity during the high-growth life cycle stage for materials

A comparison of the life cycle plots for the production and patent activity for several materials indicates that the two life cycle plots may be correlated to such an extent that they may be superimposed to a large degree, for all growth-stages, simply by an origin shift. Over fifty metallic and non-metallic materials have been studied. This origin shift may be indicative of the presence of Stage III (high-growth stage). The drive force ratio for innovation-enhanced supply also scales with the origin shift. When the drive force ratio is equal to one, the materials in their Stage III life, are balanced in the amount of resources which impact production and patents. One of the key findings is that materials may be grouped into two groups depending on their drive ratio and the lag ratio in the data sets of the production and patent activity. In the first group, innovation is unable to influence the production activity and consequently materials tend to slide towards Stage IV (i.e. the stage of low average growth with high oscillation) regardless of the fact that patents may impact unit production significantly in this group. The existence of a Stage V (final death stage) is also discussed. It appears that materials that have been recognized to be highly toxic are particularly prone to a Stage V type behavior.     

Dispersed consumption versus compressed output: Assessing the sectoral effects of a pandemic

I process credit-card consumption data through an input–output model of sectoral linkages to impute the sector-level output responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. The sector-level consumption responses are highly dispersed and even positive for some. Yet, all sectors suffer from output losses. Production of intermediate goods stabilises output. Consequently, the sectoral dispersion of final consumption is higher than the sectoral dispersion of output produced. Sectors that provide intermediate goods are affected less by the pandemic. Many service sectors face the largest losses in output since they depend the most on final consumption.     

Towards a global multi-regional environmentally extended input-output database

This paper presents the strategy for a large EU-funded Integrated Project: EXIOPOL (“A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using Externality Data and Input-Output Tools for Policy Analysis”), with special attention for its part in environmentally extended (EE) input-output (IO) analysis. The project has three principal objectives:

(a)

to synthesize and further develop estimates of the external costs of key environmental impacts for Europe;

(b)

to develop an EE IO framework for the EU-27 in a global context, including as many of these estimates as possible, to allow for the estimation of environmental impacts (expressed as LCA themes, material requirement indicators, ecological footprints or external costs) of the activities of different economic sectors, final consumption activities and resource consumption;

(c)

to apply the results of the work to external costs and EE I-O for illustrative policy questions.

     

中国地方政府支出与居民消费关系的区域差异研究

本文利用分类回归树(CART)方法,根据中国地方政府支出与居民消费关系的差异将中国31个省(市、区)分为两组,分别对两组区域进行面板数据分析。结果表明:政府支出增长对居民消费的影响在第一组区域具有显著的引致效应,而在第二组区域则表现为挤出效应。在第一组,农业支出、政策性补贴和政府消费的增长对居民消费具有较大的正向影响,但只能在当期发挥作用;在第二组,则是基本建设支出和科学技术支出的增长显著促进了居民消费,且显示出较好的持续性。应根据不同的区域特征采取针对性措施,以有效拉动居民消费增长。     

基于消费结构分析的扩大内需对策研究——以上海城镇居民为例

消费是拉动经济的三驾马车之一,在当前依靠投资和出口拉动经济战略受阻的背景下,扩大内需、刺激消费成为推动我国经济发展的关键因素。作为反映居民消费本质的重要概念,消费结构与扩大内需是密不可分的。本文以上海城镇居民消费结构为研究对象,分析其在1995～2008年间演变规律;运用ELES模型探究居民消费支出与可支配收入的关系;测算商品需求收入弹性系数并进行比较分析。在此基础上,提出从稳定商品价格、提高居民收入、完善社会保障制度和优化供给结构等方面政策刺激消费,扩大内需。     

高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响

随着VUAC时代的到来,创新的驱动作用愈发凸显。基于职业生涯关注理论、企业生命周期理论以及调节定向理论,以上海和深圳两市2007-2017年A股制造业上市企业为研究对象,深入探究高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响。研究表明,高管职业生涯关注显著促进企业创新产出;企业生命周期负向调节高管职业生涯关注与企业创新产出的关系,企业生命周期越长,高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响作用越小;制度环境正向调节高管职业生涯关注与企业创新产出的关系,企业所处的制度环境越好,高管职业生涯关注对企业创新产出的影响作用越显著;风险承担在高管职业生涯关注与企业创新产出间起着中介作用,当高管职业生涯关注高、风险承担强时,企业创新产出会相应增加。     

新技术进步会阻碍传统技术创新吗——来自汽车产业的实证检验

在新旧技术竞争过程中,传统企业会适时调整研发策略,以应对新技术进步对传统技术造成的冲击。然而,新技术对传统技术的影响究竟表现为创新替代效应还是创新互补效应,至今依然没有得到确切结论。以汽车产业为研究对象,比较传统燃油汽车和电动汽车两种新旧技术的发展路径,并结合产业生命周期理论提出汽车产业的三阶段演化模型。进一步基于1995—2021年省级专利数据和面板向量自回归模型,从产品创新和工艺创新两个维度实证检验各阶段电动汽车技术进步对传统汽车企业创新的影响。结果表明,在电动汽车产业的范式导入期(1995—2008年),新技术通过产品创新和工艺创新两方面促进传统技术发展;在电动汽车产业的范式构建期(2009—2021年),新技术依然对传统技术有显著推动作用,但仅通过工艺创新促进传统技术发展。     

The economic effects of restrictions on government budget deficits: imperfect private credit markets

Summary. The present paper is an extension of Ghiglino and Shell [7] to the case of imperfect consumer credit markets. We show that with constraints on individual credit and only anonymous (i.e., non-personalized) lump-sum taxes, strong (or “global”) irrelevance of government budget deficits is not possible, and weak (or “local”) irrelevance can hold only in very special situations. This is in sharp contrast to the result for perfect credit markets. With credit constraints and anonymous consumption taxes, weak irrelevance holds if the number of tax instruments is sufficiently large and at least one consumer's credit constraint is not binding. This is an extension of the result for perfect credit markets. Received: August 28, 2001; revised version: March 25, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" We thank Todd Keister, Bruce Smith, and two referees for helpful comments. Correspondence to: C. Ghiglino     

Estimating the household consumption function in Saudi Arabia: an error correction approach

ABSTRACT

We estimate a micro-founded life-cycle consumption model for Saudi Arabia over the period 1970–2017 using error correction model procedures. Dynamic adjustments are significant, and both income and wealth are found to have significant effects, with a long-run marginal propensity to consume out of the income of 0.95 and out of the wealth of 0.06. The sensitivity of consumption to income and wealth, as well as the estimated short-term effects of price and real interest rate, are consistent with the rapidly growing Saudi economy. By capturing the key determinants of the life-cycle model, our approach is useful for the design of macroeconomic policy. We estimate the impact of the recent VAT reform.     

消费函数的理论逻辑与中国化:一个文献综述

消费函数是西方经济学理论体系中最重要的概念之一。由于脱胎于马克思主义政治经济学的中国传统消费经济理论与西方消费经济理论的异源性差异,当前我国消费经济理论研究缺乏统一的方法论基础。本文以消费函数为主线,按照文献的发展脉络与逻辑关系,旨在系统梳理消费函数研究的理论变迁及内在逻辑,分析消费函数研究由微观主体过渡到宏观数据过程中面临的主要问题和重大分歧,以及理论移植到我国需要解决的适用性问题。基于文献评述,本文最后提出了我国消费经济研究的几个认识论问题。