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21.
国内外水资源承载力的研究综述 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
随着能源危机的出现,资源环境问题逐渐成为各国经济学家和环境学家特别关注的问题.近年来,水资源短缺越来越成为各地经济发展的制约因素,面对这种情况,资源承载力概念的提出为资源与经济发展问题提供了一条新的研究途径.本文将国内外有关水资源承载力概念和量化方法的研究作一总体分析,结果表明:(1)国外对水资源承载力的研究较少,国内的研究大体可分为初始、发展、鼎盛和拓展四个阶段;(2)从横向比较来看,水资源承载力的研究在我国以近十年为盛.但研究多集中在资源学科领域和地理环境学科领域,角度大多是综合考虑多方面的影响因素,对一个地区的水资源承载力作出系统评价,并借助可持续发展的思想,应用已有的和创新的方法来解决水资源承载力的问题;(3)水资源承载力的研究在一定程度上是土地资源承载力研究的进步;(4)水资源承载力的研究较少考虑环境污染对水资源承载力以及整个社会系统的影响.在此基础上,本文最后对承载力在自然资源方面的研究作了小结和展望. 相似文献
22.
Ying Zhang 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(10):1-12,20
Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in "Greener Olympic Games" held in Beijing in 2008. Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance. It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for "Greener Olympic Games" held in capital Beijing and development in harmony for society and economy, as well as management for ecological environment. By studying of change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing, the paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP, and both of the correlation coefficient between them is about 0.92, as well as the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items. The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing occupied about 1.25% in global ecological capacity per capita. Began 1990, the ecological deficit in Beijing was about 0.72 hm2, which is at strong unsustainable development at present. Finally, the paper suggests social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible, resources should be strengthen sustainable used and population increasing should be controlled strictly, as well as arable land also should be under control used for built-up areas. Simultaneity, the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased, and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the society and economy development in harmony and sustainment. 相似文献
23.
本文利用生态足迹法对上海市1985~2004年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了研究,结果表明上海市入均生态足迹和生态承载力分别由1985年的1.9340hm^2、0.1582hm^2逐年增加至2004年的3.0459hm^2、0.5805hm^2,一而同期的入均生态赤字也由1.7958hm^2上升到2.6656hm^2。同时计算了万元GDP生态足迹,并预测了2010年的入均生态足迹和生态承载力。最后得出,上海市入口对自然资源的利用逐年增加,目前已超出了自然生态系统的生态承载力范围,现有的发展模式是不可持续的。 相似文献
24.
内部审计活动评价具有改进机构的风险管理、控制和治理体系的功能。调查发现,浙江民营企业内部审计的独立性和权威性未能实现。本文认为,应积极在民营企业内部审计过程中,推进公司治理结构审计、风险管理审计、战略决策审计、人力资源审计等,以填补我国企业审计研究与实践的空白。 相似文献
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物流运输网络中的网络容量扩张成本效益均衡模型及算法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在给定一个单源单汇物流运输网络中,网络中的每条弧都有一个容量和运输时间的限制,研究了当网络的容量提高到指定水平,同时限制从网络中源点到汇点运输时间,应该如何对网络进行适当的扩张,减少网络的运输时间,同时使网络效益与预期效益尽可能的接近。 相似文献
29.
Beniamina Buzzo Margari Fabrizio Erbetta Carmelo Petraglia Massimiliano Piacenza 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2007,32(2):131-151
This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit
systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O.
Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and
stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies,
the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at
replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public
transit networks.
相似文献
30.
We examine how the legal protection of outside shareholders and the appropriative costs that they induce influence the incentives for private firms to go public. A higher degree of protection of shareholders can increase the appropriative costs associated with the conflict between managers and shareholders. To counteract this effect the managers/owners increase the share of the firm they retain so that, overall, higher protection of outsiders increases the likelihood of going public. In addition, we examine how the share of funds raised used to finance the firm affects both appropriative costs and the decision to sell.For helpful comments we thank participants at the conference on Corporate Governance at UC Irvine (February 2002), seminar participants at the Athens University of Economics and Business, and worskshop participants on the New Organization of Labour at the 2002 CESifo summer Institute in Venice. Skaperdas gratefully acknowledges support from a grant for Research and Writing from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. 相似文献