Assessing the Degree of Spot Market Integration for U.S. Natural Gas: Evidence from Daily Price Data

This paper assesses the degree of market integration in the U.S. natural gas market following the FERC’s ‘open access’ reforms. Daily spot prices at 76 market locations from 1993 to 1997 are used to examine the geographic extent of the market and the speed with which market forces move prices toward equilibrium in the face of ongoing price shocks. The empirical results suggest that the East and Central regions form a highly integrated market, but that this market is quite segmented from the more loosely integrated Western market.     

大零岭自然保护区植物资源的开发利用

介绍了大零岭自然保护区植物资源的特点，分析了开发利用的方向，提出了利用和保护的建议。     

Taxable treatment of the subsistence level of income in German Natural Law

Natural Law has influenced German tax theories up to the present day. It has also influenced the request for the subsistence level exemption and the granting of a basic allowance, which only developed their full persuasiveness when derived from Natural Law. This paper shows that Natural Law tax theory (mid 1600s to early 1800s), based the subsistence level tax exemption on the right to live, the individualistic state contract theory and the ability-to-pay principle. It also reveals that Adam Smith's view regarding ability-to-pay as a basis for taxation was already contained in British Natural Law and in older German traditions.     

城市土地储备运作机制现状与优化探讨

通过对我国城市土地储备运作机制的分析，指出其取得的成效与存在问题，并从构建城市土地一级市场竞争供给，通过盘活存量土地促进土地市场化交易，建立土地储备制度阶段性目标三方面优化土地储备机制。     

A framework for analyzing money stock control under the Monetary Control Act

This paper analyzes the money stock effects of the Monetary Control Act (MCA) under a nonborrowed reserve (NBR) operating procedure. Prior to the passage of the MCA, policy was conducted under an interest rate operating target where reserve requirement reforms such as those introduced by the MCA had little influence on money stock variability. Under an NBR procedure however, the structure of reserve requirements may have a significant impact on monetary control. Our analysis indicates that the relative improvement in monetary control greatly depends on the degree of tightness exercised by the Federal Reserve over total reserves in an MCA regime. The tighter the control, the more significant the estimated monetary control benefits of the MCA under an NBR procedure.     

改善东川市生态经济现状之探讨

本文对云南东川市生态经济系统现状进行了较为全面的分析,指出该市脆弱的生态经济系统会诱发自然灾害,最后提出结合长防林工程并辅之一系列措施能逐步改善该市生态经济现状。     

ETHNIC DIVERSITY,PROPERTY RIGHTS,AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Countries rich in natural resources constitute both development failures and successes depending on their underlying socioeconomic fundamentals. Recent empirical evidence and theoretical work provide support for a resource-curse hypothesis based on ethnic fractionalization. There is also increasing empirical evidence suggesting that ethnic heterogeneity based on polarization is a strong deterrent of economic growth. In this paper, we explore the interlinkages between natural resource abundance and both measures of ethnic heterogeneity. In a two–simultaneous equation system, we assess the effects of fractionalization and polarization on property-rights protection, and thereby on growth, both directly as well as in interaction with our resource-abundance proxy. We find that ethnic polarization is more likely to have a direct negative impact on the effectiveness of property rights in a resource-rich context, which as we explain may suggest that different ethnic groups treat the contestable resource base as a semi-public good.     

谈伊春实施天然林保护工程的意义

森林不仅为人类提供资源,而且还具有涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙等多种作用,给人们提供了一个优美、安逸的生活环境。然而,随着人类贪婪的破坏,森林以惊人的速度减少,已严重危及人类的生存环境,同时也制约了经济的发展。     

肇东沿江湿地自然保护区种子植物属分布区类型的研究

肇东沿江湿地自然保护区保存了较为完整的湿地景观,据不完全统计,有维管束植物214属,其中种子植物211属;过对保护区内种子植物属的分析,旨在摸清其种子植物属的分布区类型。     

对我国能源安全战略问题的思考

能源安全是能源供应安全和能源使用安全的有机统一,能源安全的重要性已得到国际社会普遍认可。随着中国经济飞速发展带来的巨大的能源需求,国内能源供应将面临潜在的总量短缺,尤其是石油、天然气供应将面临结构性短缺,能源使用与环境保护之间的矛盾呈恶化趋势。我国应从海外开拓、国家石油战略储备、节能降耗、能源结构转换与新能源开发利用等战略方面采取有效对策,保证充足的能源供应,构筑可持续发展的社会。