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71.
We consider an exogenous and reversible shock to a groundwater resource, namely a decrease in the recharge rate of the aquifer. We compare optimal extraction paths and the social costs of optimal adaptation in two cases: under certainty, i.e. when the date of occurrence of the shock is known, and under uncertainty, when the date of occurrence of the shock is a random variable. We show that an increase in uncertainty leads to a decrease in precautionary behavior in the short run and to an increase in precautionary behavior in the long run. We apply our model to the particular case of the Western la Mancha aquifer in Spain. We show that, in this context, it is advantageous for the water agency to acquire information on the date of the shock, especially for high-intensity and intermediate-risk events. 相似文献
72.
Ralf Korn 《Quantitative Finance》2013,13(3):315-321
We consider the determination of optimal portfolios under a lower bound on the final wealth. Possible applications range from capital guarantee strategies over life insurance investment where part of the benefit is a guaranteed return on capital to continuous-time mean-variance problems with a strictly positive lower bound. Our solution method consists of transforming the original problem into a portfolio problem without a positive lower bound but a transformed utility function and a modified initial wealth. 相似文献
73.
In this paper we analyze a stochastic dynamic advertising and pricing model with isoelastic demand. The state space is discrete, time is continuous and the planing horizon is allowed to be finite or infinite. A dynamic version of the Dorfman–Steiner identity will be derived. Explicit expressions of the optimal advertising and pricing policies, of the value function and of the optimal advertising expenditures will be given. The general results will be used to analyze the case of impatient customers. Furthermore, particular time inhomogeneous models and homogeneous ones with and without discounting will be examined. We will study the social efficiency of a monopolist's optimal policies and the consequences of specific subsidies. From a buyer's perspective, our analysis reveals that waiting – when looking at (immediate) expected prices – is never profitable should two or more units be available. But we will also prove that the sequence of average sales prices is monotone decreasing. Moreover, the techniques applied to solve the discrete stochastic advertising and pricing problem will be used to solve a related deterministic control problem with continuous state space. 相似文献
74.
75.
Holger Kraft 《Quantitative Finance》2013,13(3):303-313
Given an investor maximizing utility from terminal wealth with respect to a power utility function, we present a verification result for portfolio problems with stochastic volatility. Applying this result, we solve the portfolio problem for Heston's stochastic volatility model. We find that only under a specific condition on the model parameters does the problem possess a unique solution leading to a partial equilibrium. Finally, it is demonstrated that the results critically hinge upon the specification of the market price of risk. We conclude that, in applications, one has to be very careful when exogenously specifying the form of the market price of risk. 相似文献
76.
This study assesses the foreign debt policy in Egypt and contrasts it versus the optimal policy during the period 1985–2008. It also presents a forecast of the optimal debt during the period 2009–2014. The optimal debt policy was derived using an open economy model for Egypt. The uncertainties in the model stem from the uncertainties in the interest or debt service payments and the uncertainties in the rate of return on investments. The stochastic control approach was used to find the optimal debt policy. It was found that Egypt could borrow externally as long as the trend in the rate of return on investments exceeds the trend in the real interest rate or the trend in the rate of the debt service payments. The analysis finds that Egypt's foreign debt was higher than the optimal level before 1997. After 1997, foreign debt seems to converge to the optimal level. However, Egypt's foreign debt is still below its optimal level which results in an opportunity cost for the economy to grow, otherwise, GDP could have recorded a favorable increase. 相似文献
77.
William A. Brock Gustav Engström Dieter Grass Anastasios Xepapadeas 《Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control》2013,37(12):2371-2396
In a general equilibrium model of the world economy, we develop a two-dimensional energy balance climate model featuring heat diffusion and anthropogenic forcing driven by global fossil fuel use across the sphere of the Earth. This introduces an endogenous location dependent temperature function, driving spatial characteristics, in terms of location dependent damages resulting from local temperature anomalies into the standard climate-economy framework. We solve the social planner's problem and characterize the competitive equilibrium for two polar cases differentiated by the degree of market integration. We define optimal taxes on fossil fuel use and how they may implement the planning solution. Our results suggest that if the implementation of international transfers across latitudes is not possible then optimal taxes are in general spatially non-homogeneous and may be lower at poorer latitudes. The degree of spatial differentiation of optimal taxes depends on heat transportation. By employing the properties of the spatial model, we show by numerical simulations how the impact of thermal transport across latitudes on welfare can be studied. 相似文献
78.
Blomquist and Christensen [(2005). The role of prices for excludable public goods, International Tax and Public Finance, 12 ,61–79] argue that welfare is initially decreasing in the price of an excludable public good and that the case for a positive
price for an excludable public good price is weak. We argue that this result follows from their particular characterization
of the public good and that an alternative and equally reasonable characterization overturns their result. Hence, the policy
case for a positive price on the public good is stronger than Blomquist and Christiansen suggest.
JEL Classification H21 · H41 相似文献
79.
We examine the out-of-market gap – the time between the end of a film’s theatrical run and its release on DVD – for a sample
of U.S. films during 1988-2005. The average gap declined from 58.14 days in 1998 to 27.93 days in 2005; by 2005, 39% of the
films were released on DVD prior to leaving the theaters. Probit and hazard models are estimated to explore the factors that
influence a distributor’s decision to release a film on DVD before it exits the theaters, and the timing of the release for
films that appear on DVD after they leave the theaters.
相似文献
80.
本文通过定西地区农业生态系统结构与功能分析,认为:生态系统结构不完善,生产力和经济功能低下。据此从农业可持续发展的角度出发,提出了优化农业生态系统结构和提高其功能的对策。 相似文献