农产品电子商务有助于贫困地区农户增收吗——兼论农户参与模式异质性的影响

本文基于重庆市云阳县、奉节县和贵州省黔东南州凯里市三个国家级电子商务示范县746个农户调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)法,实证检验农产品电子商务及不同模式对贫困地区农户增收的影响及效应.研究结果表明,农产品电子商务对于农户具有显著的增收效应,相对于未参与电商的农户,参与电商的农户人均净收入增加33.4％～39％;不...     

Budgeting—the Role of Trust and Participation: A Research Note

Prior studies have found a combination of an evaluative style with high budget emphasis and high participation to be associated with better behavioural outcomes (e.g., lower job-related tension) than all other combinations of budget emphasis and participation. Yet there has been little research to investigate the theory on why this particular combination of budget emphasis and participation is associated with better behavioural outcomes. A path analytical model, which investigates the intervening effects of trust and participation on the relationship between budget emphasis and job-related tension, was used. Senior Norwegian managers were selected as subjects for this study. The results indicate that budget emphasis has an insignificant direct effect on job-related tension but a strong indirect effect through trust and participation. Trust also has an intervening effect on the relationship between budgetary participation and job-related tension. It is therefore possible to conclude that high budget emphasis is associated with high budgetary participation and high trust. High trust, in turn, is associated with reduced subordinates' job-related tension.     

公民有效参与灾后恢复重建:以汶川震后恢复重建为例——兼及托马斯"有效决策模型"的应用

灾后恢复重建工作法治化、民主化是《汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例》的一个亮点,也是中国自然灾害后恢复重建模式彻底转变的标志。公民参与有利于提高灾后恢复重建效率,有利于提升公众的满意度,有利于对政府工作的监督,还有利于灾后社会秩序的恢复与发展。必须立足现实,探索有效的公民参与机制,避免非制度化无序的公民参与所带来的消极影响,建构一个政府与社会良性互动的合作机制,调动一切力量实现灾后恢复重建的目标。     

金融知识对商业保险参与的影响——来自中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证分析

本文采用2013年中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),从微观层面上实证研究了金融知识对居民商业保险购买行为的影响。结果表明,金融知识的增加提高了我国居民家庭参与商业保险的可能性,并且这种影响在城市和农村家庭中没有显著差异。进一步研究还表明,金融知识的增加提高了我国居民家庭商业保险的参与程度,即金融知识水平越高保费支出也越多。本文的研究为理解转型经济背景下商业保险的发展提供了一个新的视角,普及居民金融知识是推动商业保险发展的重要手段。     

Endogenous Minimum Participation in International Environmental Treaties

Many international treaties come into force only after a minimum number of countries have signed and ratified the treaty. Minimum participation constraints are particularly frequent in the case of environmental treaties dealing with global commons, where free-riding incentives are strong. Why do countries that know they have an incentive to free-ride accept to “tie their hands” through the introduction of a minimum participation constraint? This article addresses the above issues by modeling the formation of an international treaty as a three-stage non-cooperative coalition formation game. Both the equilibrium minimum participation constraint and the number of signatories—the coalition size—are determined. This article, by showing that a non-trivial partial coalition, sustained by a binding minimum participation constraint, forms at the equilibrium, explains the occurrence of minimum participation clauses in most international environmental agreements. It also analyses the endogenous equilibrium size of the minimum participation constraint.     

分权体制下的民主参与、政府响应程度和公共品供需偏差

文章考察了当前背景下政府对地方民众公共品需求偏好的响应能力,利用1998～2008年期间的公共支出样本值测算了中国地方公共支出偏差指数,并引入不同选区人大代表指标作为民主参与的工具变量,以此体现政府响应能力。实证结果发现,财政分权、民主参与和公共品供需偏差三个变量之间存在着显著的内生关联;分权体制导致了政府公共品供给扭曲,而民主参与则部分抵消了公共品供需偏差。     

PPP、资本流动与地区税率

本文在传统的税收竞争模型框架下引入PPP模式的设定,分析了PPP模式影响资本流动和地区税率的理论机制。理论模型发现,PPP模式会从“直接效应”和“间接效应”两个渠道影响资本流动;社会资本参与率对地区税率呈现U型影响。当参与率较低时,以间接效应为主,参与率提高将导致地区税率水平下降;当参与率较高时,以直接效应为主,参与率上升将提高本地税率。本文进一步基于中国285个地级市2006—2013年的面板数据,对理论模型进行了验证。实证结果发现,中国城市间存在普遍的税收竞争行为;PPP引入后,社会资本参与率越高,地区吸引流入的资本越多,同时也更大程度地降低了税率对资本的边际影响;社会资本参与率对地区税率影响的U型曲线临界值约为55%。     

职业声望、信贷约束与金融市场参与

本文使用中国家庭微观调查数据,研究职业声望通过缓解信贷约束的机制对居民家庭资产选择行为的影响。研究发现职业声望对金融市场参与的影响存在倒“U”形特征,并且这一结论不能被家庭经济特征、人口学特征和主观认知等因素存在差异所解释。进一步研究发现,在不存在融资约束的条件下,高声望职业更加倾向于参与商品房市场而非金融市场。本文认为高职业声望降低了家庭面临的信贷约束,增加了其对流动性小但收益率高的商品房资产的偏好。本文的研究从一个侧面反映出我国资本市场对于居民家庭的吸引力还有待提升。     

市民参与—可持续发展中的制度选择

对于可持续发展涵义一直以来都非常的模糊,建立在传统发展观之上的可持续发展是以经济的永续发展为主旨。然而与传统发展观不同,经济的可持续性不等同于可持续发展;科学技术不能解决发展中的所有问题;可持续发展转移了工业发达国家对于环境破坏的责任。与以官僚和技术精英制订未来发展政策不同,让市民民主参与并决策未来的发展计划,唯有这样才称得上是真正的可持续发展。     

Cause-Relating Marketing: The Effects of Purchase Quantity and Firm Donation Amount on Consumer Inferences and Participation Intentions

A conceptual model for a cause-related marketing (CRM) campaign, which examines the effects of purchase quantity and firm donation amount on consumer perceptions of the firm (i.e., firm motive and corporate social responsibility) and participation intentions, is developed and tested in three separate studies. In Study 1, we find the positive effect of firm donation amount on participation intentions was fully mediated by consumer inferences about the firm and the negative effect of purchase quantity on participation intentions was only partially mediated by these inferences. In Study 2, and consistent with the persuasion knowledge model, we demonstrate that the effects of purchase quantity on firm inferences and subsequent participation intentions are moderated by consumer participation effort where higher participation requirements (e.g., mail-in proof-of-purchase) yield more negative purchase quantity effects. We extend the model in Study 3 to incorporate multiple exchange mechanisms and find that although purchase quantity does affect participation intentions by social exchange, the effects of purchase quantity are primarily the result of the economic exchange. Recommendations for the design of cause-related marketing campaigns and for future research are discussed.