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81.
82.
In this paper we find that public investment in durable goods has a positive effect on long-term economic performance in Portugal.
We also find that these positive effects are not strong enough for public investment to pay for itself in the form of future
tax revenues. Therefore, cuts in public investment in durable goods, although costly in terms of long-term economic performance
seem to be an effective way of alleviating pressure on the public budget. It is important to note, however, that this general
result contrasts sharply with the evidence found in this paper for public investment in equipment, a small component of public
investment in durable goods, as well as with evidence elsewhere for public investment in transportation infrastructures. For
these, the effects on output are strong enough for public investment to pay for itself. Therefore, cuts in these two types
of public investment, would have negative long-term economic effects as well as negative long-term budgetary effects. Clearly,
not all public investment is created equal.
We would like to thank the editor as well as two anonymous referees for unusually useful comments and suggestions. The usual
disclaimers apply. 相似文献
83.
José A. Cabral Vieira 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2005,4(1):1-14
Low-wage employment has become a matter of concern in many countries, Portugal being among them. In particular, the extent to which low-wage employment is a permanent or transitory situation is an important issue. This paper examines low-wage mobility in the Portuguese labour market using the bivariate probit model proposed by van de Ven and van Praag (1981), in order to account for the potential endogeneity of the initial state. For this purpose, we use a matched employer-employee panel data for 1996 and 2000. Raw figures show that a significant number of workers are trapped into low-wage employment. We also find that males and the better-educated are more likely to escape from such a situation. Furthermore, initial firm characteristics, such as firm size, age and industry influence mobility. In particular, low-wage workers in larger or in newer firms have better mobility prospects.JEL Classification:
J31, J42Financial support from the Portuguese Science Foundation and FEDER under grant POCTI/ECO/37668/2001 is acknowledged. The author is indebted to an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
84.
Farmer-specific relationships between land use change and landscape factors: Introducing agents in empirical land use modelling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traditional empirical land use change models generally assume one average land use decision-maker. Multi-Agent System (MAS) models, on the other hand, acknowledge existence of different types of agents, but their poor empirical embedding remains a serious handicap. This paper demonstrates how agent information can also be incorporated into empirical, biophysical land use models. 相似文献
85.
86.
This paper analyzes income and earnings concentration in Portugal from a long-run perspective using personal income and wage tax statistics. The results suggest that income concentration was much higher during the 1930s and early 1940s than it is today. Top income shares estimated from reported incomes deteriorated during the Second World War, even if Portugal did not take active participation in the conflict. However, the magnitude of the drop was less important than in other European countries. The level of concentration between 1950 and 1970 remained relatively high compared to countries such as Spain, France, UK or the United States. The decrease in income concentration, started very moderately at the end of the 1960s and which accelerated after the revolution of 1974, began to be reversed during the first half of the 1980s. During the last 15 years top income shares have increased steadily. The rise in wage concentration contributed to this process in a significant way. The evidence since 1989 suggests that the level of marginal tax rate at the top has not been a primary determinant of the level of top reported incomes. Marginal rates have stayed constant in a context of growing top shares. 相似文献
87.
88.
89.
Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents the results of a qualitative study of public transport users and car users in order to obtain a deeper understanding of travellers’ attitudes towards transport and to explore perceptions of public transport service quality. The key findings indicate that in order to increase public transport usage, the service should be designed in a way that accommodates the levels of service required by customers and by doing so, attract potential users. Furthermore, the choice of transport is influenced by several factors, such as individual characteristics and lifestyle, the type of journey, the perceived service performance of each transport mode and situational variables. This suggests the need for segmentation taking into account travel attitudes and behaviours. Policies which aim to influence car usage should be targeted at the market segments that are most motivated to change and willing to reduce frequency of car use. 相似文献
90.
Carlos J. L. Balsas 《Local Economy》2004,19(4):396-410
In 2001, the city of Porto hosted the European Capital of Culture event. 'Porto 2001' was a year-long programme of arts, cultural events and urban regeneration activities. The purpose of this article is to discuss the city centre regeneration operation conducted in conjunction with the European Capital of Culture initiative in Porto. My objective is to extract a set of lessons learned that can be useful to other cities pursuing the same designation and strategy. The key finding is that despite rich and well-participated cultural events, too much emphasis was put on attracting public investment to regenerate the public space, replacing infrastructures, and modernizing cultural facilities. This was done at the expense of institutional capacity building and boosting civic creativity. 相似文献