Indonesian Local Government Spending,Taxing and Saving: An Explanation of Pre‐ and Post‐decentralization Fiscal Outcomes*

As a result of Indonesia's decentralization program, local governments have gained significantly more responsibility for service delivery, considerably larger fiscal resources, and much greater authority over the use of those resources than before. The present paper develops a simple budget model to describe and explain the substantial differences in pre‐ and post‐decentralization local government fiscal behavior related to spending, taxing and saving. During the post‐decentralization period special attention is paid to the fiscal behavior of natural resource rich regions. Among other things, the evidence suggests that: post‐decentralization local government spending is partly responsive to increasing needs and partly the subject of elite capture; local government taxation has become more aggressive under decentralization and appears to be mostly driven by local bureaucratic expectations related to routine overhead budgets; and the increased savings of local governments during the post‐decentralization period is determined to a large degree by delayed central government transfer payments.     

Individual rights and organizational theory

Rights are very important concepts in everyday life. And they are especially important to participants in organizations. Yet, our theories of organization and management have largely ignored rights — stressing, instead, other concepts, such as goals, roles, etc. This article describes the historical significance of rights and their relevance in understanding social behavior. The advantages of a right-based organizational theory (versus traditional goal-based theories) are discussed.This article draws on the author's forthcoming book,A Social-Contract Theory of Organizations (University of Notre Dame Press, 1988).     

供应链环境下的成本管理研究

本文就供应链环境下成本管理问题展开研究。文章认为在供应链环境中,管理者面临着更加复杂的成本问题,这就要求我们整合传统的成本管理框架,拓展成本管理的视野。为此,本文阐述了基于供应链模式下的成本管理目标、影响成本管理维度、成本管理方法和成本管理组织机构设立等等方面内容。说明成本管理目标是提升整个供应链的竞争力;影响成本管理维度的因素分别为产品、关系和资源;在供应链环境下作业成本法和链式目标成本是常常采用的成本方法。其次说明了柔性管理团队是供应链模式下成本管理目标实现的组织保证。     

Accounting practices and professional power dynamics during a crisis

This paper examines how changes in accounting practices during a crisis can affect organisational dynamics between hospital managers and clinicians. Our theoretical framework applies a multi-dimensional concept of power (Hardy, 1996) – which distinguishes power over resources, processes and meaning – to a longitudinal case study of a public university hospital during a budgetary crisis. Based on interviews with managers and clinicians, three successive time intervals with distinct power constellations are identified. Initially, we identify a pre-crisis phase where management formally controls resources, which seems to have limited effects on clinician dominance because managers lack ‘processual power’ and ‘power of meaning’. Next, an implantation phase emerges whereby the introduction of mandated budget cuts triggers shifts in the distribution of power, such that managers acquire power by securing the collaboration of clinicians – a phenomenon which has tangible benefits in terms of enabling budget compliance and increased service provision. Finally, the third phase may be conceptualized as a fiscal pressure regimen whereby, when budgetary pressures intensify further, management's newly gained ‘power of meaning’ is eroded because management are now seen to pursue unrealistic demands. Drawing on research insights gleaned during each phase, our analysis contributes to extant literature in at least three ways. First, we present novel findings regarding the impact of crises-related applications of accounting practices on intra-organisational power constellations. Second, our work highlights how accounting practices help shape the understanding of crisis, which, in turn, impacts the distribution of organizational power and influences intra-organizational patterns of collaboration. Third, we find that awareness of the meaning power of accounting practices can help shape strategic action in crisis situations.     

语义单位关系理论及其作用

Hoey将语义单位关系定为人们根据相邻句子或句群选择语法、词汇和语调来生成句子或句群的认识过 程,并将它分为两大类:逻辑顺序关系和匹配关系。而实现这些关系最常见的途径是标识手段,最基本的语篇模式为 问题解决模式,匹配模式和一般具体模式。     

利用PowerBuilder实现Excel数据的SQL Server导入及其处理

文章介绍了使用PowerBuilder编程软件,结合OLEObject技术和PowerBuilder的数据窗口,把Excel数据导入到SQLServer数据库的过程。     

关于构建和谐社会政府公关能力的思考

政府公关是政府的重要职能,提高政府公关能力是提高执政党的执政能力的具体体现,是构建和谐社会的客观要求,本文仅就提高政府公关能力的现实意义和措施进行了论述.     

以企业文化为切入点提高核心竞争力

企业文化是企业历史积淀下来的精神财富，是企业经营管理最深厚的底蕴。一个企业真正有价值、有魅力能够流传下来的东西，不是产品，而是它的文化。企业文化是提高企业核心竞争力的精神支持。以企业文化为切入点，提高核心竞争力，应注重企业精神与企业价值观的人格化，着眼于对国际企业的文化研究，注重企业良好形象的塑造。     

中国农村环境关系失衡的博弈分析

环境关系是环境主体间的利益关系,环境侵权的发生是环境关系失衡的主要表现,中国农村环境污染态势加剧主要根源于中国农村环境关系失衡.环境污染的过程就是环境主体间的博弈过程,中国农村环境主体间的博弈具有很多特点,分析中国农村环境侵权发生的微观机理,可以比较准确地把握中国农村环境关系失衡的本质.要改善中国农村环境污染状况,就必须改善中国农村居民在博弈过程中的微弱地位,形成良性的环境关系制衡机制,从而使中国农村环境关系从失衡走向和谐.     

基本养老保险筹资权行使主体的确定及其理论依据

基本养老保险筹资权的行使主体的确定问题,应从中央与地方政府财权划分的角度进行分析。我国地方政府行使基本养老保险筹资权存在不合理性,应建立由中央政府统筹的基本养老保险制度。