基于ESDA的太湖流域空气质量时空异质性分析

以长三角核心区域——太湖流域对研究对象,对其2014—2018年空气质量进行了时空异质性分析,并利用相关性分析探索了太湖流域空气质量驱动机制。结果表明:(1)太湖流域空气质量的总体空间差异较小,流域东部沿海沿江地区以及西南部山林区域的空气质量普遍较好。上海、嘉兴两市空气质量相对较好,无锡、镇江两市则较差,局部聚集性尚不明显;(2)自然生态空间、污染治理技术及协同治理对策可使城市在经济社会发展的同时实现空气质量的稳步改善。最后结合流域实际针对性提出了相适应的对策建议。     

生态文明视角下黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究

以流域为基础的生态文明建设至关重要,黄河流域是中华文明的发祥地,也是我国重要的生态安全屏障。论文首先立足生态文明时代背景,针对黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略需求,系统提出了基于“生态—空间—时间”的流域生态文明三维分析框架;然后系统识别了黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展面临的生态水资源承载、空间体系和历史预期与发展动能等方面的瓶颈制约;最后从强化流域水资源高效利用与生态补偿、优化黄河流域空间体系和培育激发黄河流域高质量发展新动能方面提出了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的对策建议。     

基于水功能区划的流域初始排污权分配方式研究

排污权交易制度是治理流域水污染的有效手段,而流域初始排污权的分配是实施排污权交易制度的起点和关键。本文基于太湖流域水功能区划,以市级行政单元为主体,以COD、NH3-N、TP和TN四种污染物为客体,采用等比例削减法对太湖流域初始排污权的分配问题进行了研究,并对太湖流域初始排污权分配量与现实排污量以及太湖流域初始排污分配量与区域经济发展水平进行了分析。     

环境经济手段在水污染治理中的应用研究——以太湖流域为例

以太湖流域为例，引入环境经济手段中的价格体系，实证分析了上下游地区通过构建生态补偿机制，贯彻“污染者付费”原则，实施“跨行政区合作治理”，从而根本解决水污染的“公地悲剧”，实现区域间环境公平和可持续发展。     

Efficiency, equity, and sustainability in a water quantity-quality optimization model in the Rio Grande basin

Integrated hydrologic and economic optimization models at the basin scale provide a framework for policy design, implementation, and evaluation in water-stressed basins. Despite the considerable potential that basin scale analysis offers, few basin-wide studies have examined tradeoffs among efficiency, equity, and sustainability when analyzing the design of water resource programs. This paper develops a basin scale framework to identify hydrologic and economic impacts of alternative water pricing programs that comply with environmental regulations for protecting water quality. Key issues are examined that confront integrated hydroeconomic basin models: linking water and economics, spatial and temporal scale integration, and quantity-quality relationships. Economic efficiency is defined and measured for each of two urban water pricing arrangements that comply with urban water quality protection regulations. Alternative measures of equity are analyzed in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Sustainability is evaluated physically for protecting the water supply and financially for long-term revenue viability. The approach is illustrated from results of a dynamic nonlinear programming optimization model of water use in North America's Rio Grande basin. The model optimizes the net present value of the basin's total economic benefits subject to constraints on equity, sustainability, hydrology, and institutions. It is applied to assess impacts of a two-tiered pricing program that complies with recently implemented drinking water quality standards for the basin's two largest U.S. cities: Albuquerque, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas. Results suggest that two-tiered pricing of urban water supply has considerable potential to perform well in meeting the aims of efficiency, equity, and sustainability. Findings provide a general framework for designing water pricing programs that comply with environmental regulations.     

呼兰河和汤旺河流域森林涵养水源和减沙效益的评价

利用已建立的森林和年径流量、年输沙量的多元回归模型，计算了黑龙江省呼兰河和汤旺河流域森林对年径流量及年输沙量的影响大小，并根据等效益物替代原理，以贷币形式计算森林涵养水源和减少泥沙效益。结果表明，呼兰河流域森林涵养水源和减沙效益值分别为１０．１百万和０．２百万元，而汤旺河则分别为３５．５百万元和１．３百万元，二项合计，则呼兰河流域和汤旺河流域分别为１０．３百万元和３６．８百万元，这为建立森林补偿机制，提高森林生态经济效益提供了科学依据。     

长江流域板块结构分异的制度成因与区域空间结构的重组

本文认为长江流域区域板块结构的形成与分异是各地区不同程度的市场化进程对区域空间结构产生非对称影响的结果。并论证了制度的创新与协调将有助于区域板块常规动力的耦合与外生动力的内在化。为促使长江流域区域的板块融合，应结合不同层次城市区域的空间结构特征和重组驱动力．制定与技术变革和全球化现实背景相适应的、以产业空间与城市空间相协同为目标、以区域治理体制为保障的空间结构政策。     

Pacific Basin stock markets and international capital asset pricing

In this paper, we follow Harvey (1991) to investigate whether rates of return on Pacific Basin stock markets can be explained by conditional version of International Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM), which allows for time-varying expected returns, variances, and covariances. The results show that most individual Pacific Basin markets can be described by the conditional ICAPM. However, the multiple markets' tests do not support the conditional ICAPM formulation, and the estimates of world reward to risk ratio are not the same across these markets. Furthermore, the Ghysels and Hall test (Ghysels & Hall, 1990a, 1990b) shows that the estimates of parameter are also unstable in the conditional ICAPM formulation. This implies that it is difficult to use world return to describe the relationship between expected return and risk for the Pacific Basin stock markets.     

Fifty years of finance research in the Asia Pacific Basin

In this paper, we review the history of scholarly finance research in the Asia Pacific Basin. We do this by analysing the four leading regional finance journals – Accounting and Finance, Australian Journal of Management, International Review of Finance and the Pacific‐Basin Finance Journal – along five dimensions. The five dimensions are the most cited papers, noted authors, impact in terms of practice, research areas and a breakdown in terms of the development of the field according to Kuhnian concepts of normal science, anomalies and extraordinary science. We show that the Asia Pacific journals make a crucial contribution to research and practice both in the region and internationally.     

基于污染指数法的太湖流域水污染治理效果分析

太湖流域水污染治理对我国水环境改善和生态文明建设具有重要的示范作用。为有效掌握太湖流域的水污染情况,以高锰酸盐、氨氮、总磷、总氮等为指标,对2005~2012年太湖流域水质变化趋势及变化原因进行了分析,并通过构建污染指数法对太湖流域水质的污染情况进行了评价。研究结果表明:经过治理,太湖流域水质确实得到改善,但仍然处于重污染范畴,而且水质改善速度缓慢。最后,针对太湖流域水污染现状,提出了相应的污染防治建议。