煤炭城市转型发展的土地利用战略思考——以太原市西山地区为例

由于粗放的经济发展方式和长期高强度的煤炭开采及诸多的历史原因,煤炭城市虽然拥有资源优势,但区域的发展依然呈现诸多瓶颈.煤炭城市的转型发展问题,是中国现代化建设中一个重大而又特殊的问题.山西省是国务院批准的资源型经济转型综合配套改革试验区.西山地区是太原市乃至山西省的重要经济区、工矿区,也是传统产业集中、经济粗放型发展的典型地区,构建科学的、前瞻性的、可持续的土地资源利用战略,正是完成西山地区转型发展的前提和基础保证.本文通过评述西山地区土地资源利用的特点和存在的问题,提出了西山地区转型发展的土地利用对策.     

全面建设小康社会背景下的武陵山区旅游业开发

促进旅游需求能力的实现和消费能力的提高是全面建设小康社会的一个重要组成部分。从武陵山区的实际情况和全面建设小康社会的基本标准看,旅游业带动武陵山区实现全面小康具有可能性,为加快武陵山区旅游业的建设要制定相关的发展策略与措施。     

The “sowing of concrete”: Peri-urban smallholder perceptions of rural–urban land change in the Central Peruvian Andes

Policy makers concerned with the peri-urban interface find their greatest challenges in the rapid urban growth of developing mountain regions, since limitations caused by relief and altitude often lead to an increased competition between rural and urban land use at the valley floors. In this context, little attention has been paid to the affected agriculturalists’ perceptions of peri-urban growth—important information required for the realization of sustainable land use planning. How is the process of rural–urban land change perceived and assessed by peri-urban smallholder communities? Which are the major difficulties to be overcome? By what means are the affected people reacting and how are these adaptation strategies linked with the ongoing landscape transformations of the hinterland?By using the example of Huancayo Metropolitano, an emerging Peruvian mountain city, it is shown that rural–urban land change is intensively discussed within peri-urban smallholder groups. Although urbanization also leads to infrastructure investments by public institutions—an advantage perceived throughout the study area—the negative impacts of rural–urban land use change prevail. The perceptions’ analysis reveals that the decrease of fertile and irrigated agricultural land at the quechua valley floor is especially considered to threaten subsistence, food and income security. In order to compensate the loss of production capacities, many smallholders try to expand or intensify their land use at the suni altitudinal belt: an agro-ecological zone characterized by steep and nonirrigated slopes that can actually not be used for the year-round production of crops previously cultivated at the quechua zone.     

Determinants of cropland abandonment at the parcel,household and village levels in mountain areas of China: A multi-level analysis

Cropland abandonment accompanying economic development has been observed worldwide. China has experienced a large amount of land abandonment in recent years. However, the reasons for it are not entirely clear. Although abandonment decisions are made by individual households, the underlying conditions reflect processes operating at multiple levels. Therefore, we aimed to detect the influences on land abandonment at the parcel, household and village levels. We developed and employed a multi-level statistical model using farm household survey data and geographical maps of Wulong County. Our model revealed that of the variance in occurrence of land parcel abandonment, 7% and 13% can be explained at the household and village levels, respectively, while the remnant 80% can be explained at the land parcel features itself. We found that land abandonment is more prone to occur on parcels that are on steep slopes, have poor quality soil, or are remote from the laborers’ residences. Households with less agricultural labor per unit land area showed a high probability of land abandonment. We also found a nonlinear influence of labor age on land abandonment, with households comprising middle-aged laborers having a low land abandonment probability. Parcels in villages with high elevation, far from the county administrative center or with low prevalence of leased land are inclined to abandonment. We also found, surprisingly, that the household proportion of males among its agricultural laborers did not significantly influence the occurrence of land abandonment at the parcel level, probably due to the male agricultural laborers being overwhelmingly old (average age greater than 56 years). To alleviate land abandonment, we suggest improving land tenure and transfer security to ensure stable access to the land rental market, and also improving infrastructure in remote regions.     

生态理念在敬亭山太白湖景观改造中的应用

敬亭山太白湖景观改造方案将原有景观与现有景观进行完美结合,对敬亭山文化梳理出诗、茶、佛、酒四大特色,以此为主线对太白湖沿湖景观重构了诗林烟雨、茶田绿雪、弘愿堤畔、亩中风荷四大主题景点,体现出环保是生态旅游的核心。     

川西山地旅游资源的优势与生态旅游产品的形象设计

川西山地自然生态旅游资源丰富，人文生态旅游资源古老独特，资源品位高、富积程度高。本文针对川西山地生态旅游产品的形象设计，按照“突出自然生态旅游资源特色”、“挖掘人文生态旅游资源文化内涵”与“紧扣时代”的原则，设计了“神奇川西”生态观光旅游产品、“一山一品”山地生态旅游产品、“有效互动”文化生态旅游产品、“特色专题”生态旅游产品。     

生态旅游地可持续经营度的初探--以雾灵山森林公园为例

本文在构建生态旅游地可持续经营指标体系的基础上,以雾灵山森林公园为例,明确了指标变量的数量化方法和可持续度的计算方法,对评价具体旅游地的可持续状况具有重要意义。     

福建猫儿山森林公园森林旅游开发与环境保护的研究

在充分调查、发掘猫儿山森林公园旅游资源的基础上 ,本着“以保护为主 ,保护、发展和开发利用相结合”的原则 ,就公园功能区的划分、旅游路线安排、景点、景物、服务设施、道路建设等方面进行规划研究 ,并提出了开发利用与环境保护建议。     

Mountain bike tourism in Austria and the Alpine region – towards a sustainable model for multi-stakeholder product development

This paper interrogates the polarized and heated discussions about mountain bike tourism in Austrian forests, with several organizations favoring permitting biking on all forest roads, using claimed tourism development opportunities, while other stakeholders including hikers, hunters and landowners wish to restrict development. An international literature review on the value and impacts of mountain biking shows that both sides have oversimplified complex cases. The paper draws on 12 in-depth interviews with Austrian tourism destination and mountain bike experts to find ways forward. Results suggest that in Austria, bike tourism will increase in the future, supported by new bike technology, including electric bikes and new hand-held route information technology. It notes the complexity of the market for mountain and other forms of cycle tourism, and the pressing need to create not more trails but more sophisticated tourism products, including appealing and well-maintained trails plus attractive leisure infrastructure (bike rental, service and repair facilities, attractive localities, accommodation suited to the mountain bikers’ needs, etc.). Collaborative planning with all stakeholders, better trail construction standards adapted to differing preferences, needs and environmental conditions as well as clear standards for monitoring are prerequisites of an Austrian strategy for sustainable cycle tourism development and management, which can be replicated elsewhere.     

吉林长白山国家级自然保护区风灾区植被恢复情况调查

长白山国家级自然保护区风灾区形成于1986年,风灾面积11386hm2,由于大面积森林被摧毁,以及毗临中朝边境线,成为全国重点火险区之一;通过对20多年来风灾区植被自然及人工恢复情况实地调查,全面掌握了保护区风灾区生态环境的现状,客观分析了影响恢复的各项因素,提出了加快恢复的有关措施。