服务业FDI与服务贸易关系的文献综述

自2001年我国加入WTO后,我国服务业就呈现出稳步发展的良好势头。与此同时,服务业吸引的外商直接投资(FDI)规模逐年扩大。国内外对服务业、服务贸易和FDI的研究早已展开,尤其是近年来,在此领域的期刊文献越来越多,但较系统的文献综述较少。鉴于此,本文将对服务业FDI和服务贸易的关系的进行综述。     

Patterns of technology,industry concentration,and productivity growth without scale effects

This paper investigates the relationship between geographic patterns of industry and economic growth in a two-country model of trade with no scale effect, where productivity growth is generated by firm investment in process innovation. We find that dispersed equilibria with industry located in both countries produce higher growth rates than concentrated equilibria with all industry located in one country. The highest growth rate arises for equal industry shares and no productivity gap, implying that industry concentration has a negative effect on overall growth. Convergence towards a dispersed equilibrium is contingent on transport costs and knowledge dispersion.     

The European pulp and paper industry in transition to a bio-economy: A Delphi study

The current challenge facing the European pulp and paper industry is how to materialize the transformation to a bio-economy, as well as to realize the necessary new green innovations. The risks, costs and constraints of doing business will increase, thereby further intensifying competition, but at the same time new business opportunities will open up. This study adopts a three-round dissensus-based Delphi approach in order to explore our key research question of how the pulp and paper industry may change strategically, and what is the potential for value creation in the year 2030. According to our expert panel, the main drivers of competitiveness in 2030 will include energy and material efficiency, sustainability, as well as new innovations in products to serve customer needs better. According to the projected 2030 scenario, the pulp and paper industry will produce more diversified products, focus on higher value-added, and aim at consumer segments with higher environmental awareness. On average, 40 percent of the turnover will according to the panel come from genuinely new products. Strategic cross-sectorial partnerships will have a key role in making this big leap, while simultaneously acknowledging the changing needs of sustainability-conscious customers and other stakeholders.     

智能局部通风成套装备在山西三元煤业股份有限公司的应用

本文介绍了矿井智能局部通风成套装备组成及特点,详细介绍了该装备的优点以及达到的效果,并介绍了其使用情况和运行情况。     

一种MRO企业复杂现象探析

现代社会经济条件下,流通业引导生产和消费,具有较高的产业关联度,正成为国民经济前导和产业基础. MRO 产业作为流通经济中重要领域,对其发展和应用提出了新的要求.MRO物品特殊性表现出一种市场不确定性,即不知何时需求和需要多少,为此, MRO企业生产运营过程存在复杂现象. 本文运用了九宫图、突变和超循环模型对MRO企业物品在实际运营过程复杂现象进行了分析,针对MRO物品现象提出了"AT"图像模型和超循环模型,分析了MRO物品相对确定性和绝对不确定性,并对一个MRO企业各环节之间内在联系和规律做出探析.     

绵阳市电子信息产业发展现状与专利转化的局限性研究

在创新驱动发展战略深入实施的背景下,推动优势主导产业加快专利转化与产业化发展成为提升区域经济发展水平的重要途径.绵阳科技城作为重要的区域经济增长极要发挥优势主导产业的作用,关键要明确其优势主导产业的发展现状及其在专利转化和产业化服务体系建设中的薄弱环节.     

Industry structure,entrepreneurship, and culture: An empirical analysis using historical coalfields

There is mounting evidence demonstrating that entrepreneurship is spatially clustered and that these spatial differences are quite persistent over long periods of time. However, especially the sources of that persistence are not yet well-understood, and it is largely unclear whether persistent differences in entrepreneurship are reflected in differences in entrepreneurship culture across space as it is often argued in the literature. We approach the cluster phenomenon by theorizing that a historically high regional presence of large-scale firms negatively affects entrepreneurship, due to low levels of human capital and entrepreneurial skills, fewer opportunities for entry and entrepreneurship inhibiting formal and informal institutions. These effects can become self-perpetuating over time, ultimately resulting in persistent low levels of entrepreneurship activity and entrepreneurship culture. Using data from Great Britain, we analyze this long-term imprinting effect by using the distance to coalfields as an exogenous instrument for the regional presence of large-scale industries. IV regressions show that British regions with high employment shares of large-scale industries in the 19th century, due to spatial proximity to coalfields, have lower entrepreneurship rates and weaker entrepreneurship culture today. We control for an array of competing hypotheses like agglomeration forces, the regional knowledge stock, climate, and soil quality. Our main results are robust with respect to inclusion of these control variables and various other modifications which demonstrates the credibility of our empirical identification strategy. A mediation analysis reveals that a substantial part of the impact of large-scale industries on entrepreneurship is through human capital.     

The limits of growth of the multidivisional firm: A case study of the U.S. oil industry from 1930-90

Some scholars (Chandler, 1977; Penrose, 1959) believe that firms grow by transferring inimitable marketing, production, and research skills from one line of business to another. Extending this view and emphasizing the role of the central office of a multidivisional firm to transfer administrative skills, Williamson (1975) argues that competition among business units within the firm mimics a competitive capital market and leads to an effcient allocation of resources. Coase (1937), however, argues that firm size is limited by the costs of organizing diverse transactions and Chandler (1991) claims that growth is constrained by the technical and marketing expertise of the top managers. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the scope of the multidivisional firm is limited by the transferability of firm-specific skills and the efficiency of capital markets. Support comes from a case study of 19 oil companies over the 1930–90 period.     

Ferranti and the accountant, 1896-1975: The struggle between priorities and reality

As a firm which was owned and managed by three generations of the same family over the period 1896-1975, Ferranti was one of the most innovative and successful British electrical and electronics companies of its era. The family remained committed to a technology-led strategy which was implemented through a highly devolved form of organization, giving departmental managers considerable freedom to develop new ideas. This long-termism was also backed up by an extensive reporting system which evolved over the period after 1896, providing senior management with accurate information on both corporate and departmental performance. The article considers how the family matched the images conjured up by the accounting data with the commitment to engineering innovation, concluding that the latter frequently remained the most important priority in this highly unusual British firm.     

石油工业可靠性技术应用重点与范围的探讨

阐述了“实体”、“产品”、“质量”、“可靠性”四个术语的概念和定义.根据石油工业可靠性技术应用的基本情况,建议近期内将石油、石化工业可靠性工作的重点放在石油、石化工业产品和建设工程的可靠性应用研究方面.并提出应区分不同产品和不同建设工程项目分别考虑可靠性问题.