Gender preference and transfers from parents to children: an inter-regional comparison

This paper examines whether parents exhibit gender preference in the allocation of family resources to their adult children. Gender preference is defined in the context of an altruistic model for inter-vivos transfer from parents to children extended to include educational investment. Data from the Health and Retirement Study (United States) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing are used to show that the degree of gender preference differs across these culturally distinct regions. Among Korean families, empirical results point to male preference as sons receive larger inter-vivos transfers and attain higher levels of education compared with daughters. In contrast, the evidence pertaining to gender preference among American families points to daughter preference as inter-vivos transfers and educational investment is generally higher among female adult children.     

Patient- and clinician-reported satisfaction with pharmacological stress agents for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)

Abstract

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare clinician and patient measures of satisfaction with two pharmacological stress agents (PSA), regadenoson and dipyridamole, used in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI).

Methods:

This observational study included patients who had undergone SPECT MPI with regadenoson or dipyridamole, as well as the clinician/clinical technologist who performed the test. Mean scores for individual item and domain scores of the main outcome measures were computed as well as the effect sizes (ES) of the mean difference in scores between treatment groups. Statistical significance of the mean item and domain score differences were assessed via Mann-Whitney tests.

Main outcomes measures:

Two self-report questionnaires which had beeb previously developed and validated: Patient Satisfaction/Preference Questionnaire (PSPQ) and Clinician Satisfaction/Preference Questionnaire (CSPQ).

Results:

A total of 87 patients (68 received regadenoson, 19 received dipyridamole) and nine clinicians/clinical technologists took part in the study. Patients had a mean age of 66.8?±?12.2 years, and 56.3% were male. Compared to dipyridamole, use of regadenoson was associated with greater clinician satisfaction on all items and domains of the CSPQ (p?<?0.001 for all comparisons). Among patients, regadenoson was associated with less bother and greater satisfaction than dipyridamole for all items on the PSPQ. These patients reported less stinging at the injection site (ES?=??0.66) and less nervousness during injection (ES?=??0.60). The PSPQ found that regadenoson patients were more satisfied with their PSA than dipyridamole patients in all areas.

Limitations:

This study utilized a relatively small sample size of dipyridamole patients and lacked an adenosine group. A broader sampling of professionals would also help demonstrate generalizability.

Conclusion:

Both patients and clinicians reported higher satisfaction with regadenoson compared to dipyridamole for SPECT-MPI. Clinicians were particularly satisfied with the preparation and administration aspects of the drug, while patients rated it highly on convenience and reduced incidence of side-effects.     

Revealed preference and differentiable demand

Summary. We prove that, for finitely many demand observations, the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference tests not only the existence of a strictly concave, strictly monotone and continuous utility generator, but also one that generates an infinitely differentiable demand function. Our results extend those of previous related results (Matzkin and Richter, 1991; Chiappori and Rochet, 1987), yielding differentiable demand functions but without requiring differentiable utility functions.Received: 1 November 2001, Revised: 5 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D12. Correspondence to: Kam-Chau WongThis is a much revised version of Lee and Wong (2001). We are grateful to the Referee for valuable suggestions. We also thank Professor Marcel K. Richter for his comments.     

促进中部地区发展的财税政策

由于种种原因,中部地区经济发展相对缓慢。而中部地区经济的崛起对于我国国民缉济协调、可持续发展来说,有着重要的战略意义。文章分析了中部六省资源优势和经济发展现状及当前财税政策对中部地区的制约因素,提出发展中部经济发展的路径,建议采取政策倾斜、改革现行增值税、资源税等政策手段刺激中部地区的发展。     

基于ELECTRE II法的群决策方法研究

由于群决策问题的内在复杂性,群决策理论一直是决策理论最为薄弱的部分,也是决策理论研究的前沿.[1]能够应用在群体决策理论中的决策方法比较多,其中TOPSIS法和AHP法等定量的方法对决策问题的信息要求比较高[2],而头脑风暴等定性的决策方法则主观性太强,ELECTRE法构建则可以不传递的级别优先关系,能够对各类信息不完全的决策问题进行科学客观的求解,因此研究和推广该法至群决策应用具有现实意义.     

Minimum distance estimation of the spatial panel autoregressive model

This paper contributes to the interface literature of new methodological foundation of analyzing historical data with space and spatio-temporal phenomena. In particular, I consider estimating the spatial panel autoregressive model using the minimum distance estimator. Spatial autoregression has important implications for economic system that typifies correlatedness across many spatial locations and which could evolve over long span of time. To overcome computational difficulties, I suggest a two-stage estimation procedure based on minimum distance estimators. A striking feature of the proposed model is that minimum distance estimates are derived under common slopes and complete equality of parameters across spatial units. Assumption of common slopes across spatial units is an empirical and theoretical plausibility as many spatial units are observed to share common trend and typology of changes occurring to the individual system under which equality of parameters are possibilities. The estimation strategy allows various restrictions on time-varying vector parameters. Moreover, those restrictions can easily be tested. I apply this procedure to the residential demand for water of 115 French municipalities over the biannual period 1988–1993. The primary contribution of the paper is to the methodological side of cliometrics while the empirical application (with shorter time period) has been presented for illustrative purpose although, it can nonetheless be readily applied to historical data with long-time horizon allowing for restrictions such as spatio-temporal common vector and structural break in parameter estimates.

基于亲景度的上海入境旅游客源市场分析

对上海入境旅游客源市场的准确分析，是上海国际旅游业可持续发展的前提。运用亲景度指标，定量分析了1997—2004年上海国际旅游客源市场中的统计数据，揭示了上海入境旅游市场的亲景度特征，并将客源国的亲景度和市场占有率相结合，提出上海入境旅游开发的重点市场、主要市场、新兴市场和机会市场。为增强上海国际旅游的竞争力，开发入境旅游客源市场提供理论依据。     

基于公平偏好理论的锦标机制研究

在完全竞争的劳动力市场和产品市场中，分析了公平偏好的员工是同质和异质两种情况下，最优锦标机制的设计及效率问题。研究表明，公平偏好锦标赛模型比传统锦标赛模型更具一般性。     

试析住宅区区分所有权

我国住宅区因共有部分权属模糊、开发商任意分割销售导致大量纠纷的产生,通过对建筑物区分所有权(distinguishable ownership of building)、住宅区等概念的分析,得出住宅区区分所有权(distin-guishable ownership of residential district)的基本定义,从而对住宅区法定共有部分、住宅区专有部分的特征进行界定。     

组织隐性知识转移的演化博弈——基于互惠性企业环境

知识转移是知识管理的重要内容,隐性知识转移是提高组织知识管理效率的有效手段。互惠性企业环境为隐性知识转移的实现提供了有效的手段,从而克服了隐性知识转移过程中的诸多障碍。互惠性偏好环境下个体间隐性知识的转移效率要显著高于理性经济环境下的知识转移效率,改善了知识转移主体的利益支付,同时也为互惠性企业环境下组织隐性知识转移的演化博弈分析创造了条件。演化博弈分析的结果显示,在一定的外部机制的激励下,组织隐性知识转移主体的总体存在着向互惠型知识转移主体演化的倾向,从而使互惠型个体间隐性知识转移进入主导性的稳定状态,最终提高了组织隐性知识转移的效率。