On Hayek's road to serfdom: 60 years later

Stimulated by recent work of Levy–Peart–Ferrant, Rosser and McPhail, I read The Road to Serfdom by projecting it onto four registers—security and freedom, impersonal forces and the market, rules and the rule of law, and language and education—and identify in each the need for judgement, hopefully balanced but inevitably arbitrary beyond an analytical threshold, a need exacerbated by incomplete and dispersed knowledge. My larger project is to understand the role of the expert, theoretician if one prefers, in a ‘free’ society.     

国际贸易规则重构之非正式规则研究

在经济全球化的大背景下,国际贸易模式正经历着深刻变革,加速了国际贸易规则的重构。非正式规则作为传统多边国际贸易协议以及区域性自由贸易协定的补充和调整,其超越了传统国际造法的范畴,没有法律约束力,却为市场主要参与者高度认同且普遍遵守,因此能够有效避免和解决国际贸易争端、维持国际贸易秩序的稳定,并且免受国家政治、军事、经济等实力的影响。对非正式规则的研究,有助于我国参与到国际贸易规则重构中去。     

The rules of abstraction

Friedrich Hayek’s work on spontaneous order suggests that the emergence of a spontaneous order requires the existence of abstract rules of conduct. But how much abstraction is required? Abstraction exists on a gradient, from the highest specificity (pertaining to particular persons and narrowly defined circumstances) to the highest generality (pertaining to all persons in all circumstances). If rules create order by coordinating expectations, either end of the spectrum is undesirable; the most specific and the most abstract rules fail to provide decision makers with useful guidance. This article argues that rules that foster coordination must be characterized by an intermediate degree of abstraction. This conclusion will be explained and applied to law, language, and etiquette in order to draw out the similar character of rules across various contexts. The article concludes by discussing four properties that rules of intermediate abstraction must also possess to foster spontaneous order.     

Marx's value forms and Hayek's rules: a reinterpretation in the light of the dichotomy between physis and nomos

This paper argues that both Marx and Hayek objected to the dichotomybetween physis and nomos, and offered concepts which integrate,or mediate between, the two. Marx's value forms and Hayek'srules aim to grasp something neither purely natural nor purelyartificial or social, but ‘socially natural’. Valueforms and rules are natural in the sense that they pre-existagents and are taken by agents as given. On the other hand,forms and rules are social in that production relations or spontaneousorder are reproduced as the unintended consequences of agents'using forms or following rules. Thus value forms and rules standas links between agents and production relations or spontaneousorder.     

自由贸易协定原产地规则调整的经济效应评估——以《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则为例

本文使用2011—2019年美国汽车市场数据,测度了1354款车型的需求价格弹性和替代弹性,在识别了原产地规则限制度对合规车型售价影响的基础上,反事实模拟测算了《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则调整的经济效应。研究发现:(1)美国汽车市场上各款车型的需求价格弹性和替代弹性是异质性的;(2)以北美区域价值含量为代理变量的原产地规则与美国汽车市场上合规车型售价呈正向相关关系,与不合规车型售价呈U型关系;(3)《美墨加协定》汽车原产地规则限制度的提升,会对需要调整采购决策以继续合规的车型销量产生负向冲击,其他车型受市场替代效应的影响,其销量有所增加;(4)原产地规则调整降低了对北美自由贸易区外汽车中间品的需求,提升了对区内汽车中间品的需求。     

海关特殊监管区利用自贸区优惠政策问题研究

摘要：海关特殊监管区是在我国发展加工贸易背景下所创设的实施保税政策的特殊区域。近年来,随着国际经济环境的恶化以及我国加工贸易转型的要求,很多区内企业开始转变“两头全部在外”的传统加工模式,通过保税监管转内销方式开始积极探求和开拓国内市场。在这过程中,是否能享受到自贸区优惠关税待遇是企业内销或复出口时特别关注的问题。目前鉴于各自贸区协定的不统一和国内法配套细则缺乏的现状,区内企业难以真正享受自贸区优惠政策。这不仅抑制了区内企业采购国产料件的积极性,也严重损害了海关特殊监管区的政策吸引力。随着我国自贸区战略的快速推进,区外企业可以通过优惠原产地规则而享受越来越多的零关税进出口待遇,逐步削弱海关特殊监管区的保税政策优势。因此,为强化海关特殊监管区的政策特殊性,应通过原产地规则的完善尽快推进自贸区优惠政策在海关特殊监管区的适用,让区内从事进出口业务的企业可以获得出口退税、进口保税和自贸区优惠税率等更多的叠加性政策支持。