新型生物脱氮途径-厌氧氨氧化研究进展

综述了厌氧氨氧化的反应机理,厌氧氨氧化菌的生活环境,应用于厌氧氨氧化的分子生态学技术,影响厌氧氨氧化过程的因素,以及氮在自然界的全循环途径,展望了厌氧氨氧化的发展趋势。     

Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with venous thromboembolism in cancer patients treated with anticoagulants

Abstract

Objective: The standard of care for cancer-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), but oral anticoagulants are also widely prescribed. This study compared VTE-related healthcare resource utilization and costs of cancer patients treated with anticoagulants.

Methods: Claims data from Humana Database (January 1, 2013–May 31, 2015) were analyzed. Based on the first anticoagulant received, patients were classified into LMWH, warfarin, or rivaroxaban cohorts. Characteristics were evaluated during the 6 months pre-index date (i.e. the first VTE); VTE-related resource utilization and costs were evaluated during follow-up. Cohorts were compared using rate ratios, and p-values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Healthcare costs were evaluated per-patient-per-year (PPPY) and compared using mean cost differences.

Results: A total of 2,428 patients (LMWH: n?=?660; warfarin: n?=?1,061; rivaroxaban: n?=?707) were included. Compared to patients treated with LMWH, patients treated with rivaroxaban had significantly fewer VTE-related hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and emergency room and outpatient visits, resulting in an increase of $12,000 VTE-related healthcare costs PPPY with LMWH vs rivaroxaban. Patients treated with rivaroxaban had significantly lower VTE-related resource utilization compared to patients treated with warfarin; however, VTE-related costs were similar between cohorts. The higher drug costs ($1,519) were offset by significantly lower outpatient (?$1,039) and hospitalization costs (?$522) in rivaroxaban relative to the warfarin cohort.

Conclusions: Healthcare resource use and costs associated with VTE treatment in cancer patients are highest with LMWH relative to warfarin and rivaroxaban.     

金属元素改性HMS分子筛的研究进展

中孔HMS（mesoporous molecular sieve）分子筛具有良好的孔道结构，较大的比表面积。因其扩散性能好，水热稳定性高，可广泛用于制备催化剂的载体，或经过引入金属元素改性后，不仅保留了其原有优良的孔道结构，而且赋予其良好的催化活性，可直接用于多类有机合成反应的高效催化剂。文章综述了采用不同金属元素改性的HMS分子筛的基本理化性质，及其在多种类型的催化反应中的应用进展。     

从原产地规则的未来寓意谈中国区域品牌的培育

非优惠性原产地规则因了"实质性改变"的难题、因了它与国际分工、比较优势的相悖,从未来看它代表着原产地标记,这意味着中国应加强产地建设,从农产品、工业品两大体系,政府、协会及企业三个层面上培育区域品牌。     

Budget impact analysis of comprehensive genomic profiling in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Aims: Broad molecular profiling of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is strongly advised to optimize genomic matching with available targeted treatment options or investigational agents. Unlike conventional molecular diagnostic testing, or smaller hotspot panels, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) identifies genomic alterations across hundreds of clinically relevant cancer genes from a single tissue specimen. The present study sought to estimate the budget impact of increased use of CGP using a 324-gene panel (FoundationOne) vs non-CGP (represented by a mix of conventional molecular diagnostic testing and smaller NGS hotspot panels) and the number needed to test with CGP to gain 1 life year.

Materials and methods: A decision analytic model was developed to assess the budget impact of increased CGP in advanced NSCLC from a US private payer perspective. Model inputs were based on published literature (epidemiology and treatment outcomes), real-world data (testing and rates, medical service costs), list prices for CGP and anti-cancer drugs, and assumptions for clinical trial participation.

Results: Among 2 million covered lives, 532 had advanced NSCLC; 266 underwent molecular diagnostic testing. An increase in CGP among those tested, from 2% to 10%, was associated with $0.02 per member per month budget impact, of which $0.013 was attributable to costs of prolonged drug treatment and survival and $0.005 to testing cost. Approximately 12 patients would need to be tested with CGP to add 1 life year.

Limitations: The model incorporated certain assumptions to account for inputs with a limited evidence profile and simplify the possible post-CGP treatments.

Conclusions: An increase in CGP utilization from 2% to 10% among patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing molecular diagnostic testing was associated with a modest budget impact, most of which was attributable to increased use of more effective treatments and prolonged survival.     

高相对分子质量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成

采用丙烯酰胺溶液聚合反应制备了相对分子质量〉2000万的高分子质量聚丙烯酰胺。探讨了聚合工艺条件对聚合物相对分子质量的影响,确立了聚合反应最佳工艺条件。最佳工艺条件为,引发剂质量分数5 ×10^-5％;单体质量分数25％;引发温度：10～15℃;聚合体系适宜的pH范围7～8。     

二次雷达S模式综述

A/C模式的二次雷达在目标数量增加到一定程度时暴露出许多问题,S模式是欧美国家开发的先进二次雷达协议,正在逐步取代传统的A/C模式。文中全面而简略地阐述了S模式的协议内容和工作机制,包括:S模式的起源和特点;S模式询问信号和应答信号的格式、含义、分类及询问应答机制;S模式的上下行数据格式、含义及涉及的重要问题;S模式的兼容性、锁定技术、Squitter模式、数据校验和干扰问题。最后,介绍了S模式在多个领域的应用情况。     

绿色包装发展的动态

随着时代的进步,出现了一些新的绿色包装发展趋势:研发进展迅猛的天然高分子生物降解塑料,化学合成脂肪族生物降解塑料的快速发展得益于新的高分子设计方法,绿色化学的兴起加速食品绿色包装的发展,轻量化与薄壁化在包装绿色化中所占比重增大,电子商务的快速发展使回收再利用系统建设变得更为迫切,金属包装成为保证食品安全的首选,纸包装的应用领域进一步扩大。     

1030/1090 MHz频谱的共享与干扰问题综述

1 030/1 090 MHz频率广泛应用于民用和军用航空电子系统中,随着飞行器和机场地面设 备的快速增加,1 030/1 090 MHz频谱的共享越来越复杂,由此带来的干扰问题日趋严重。 研究了使用1 030/1 090 MHz频率的各种电子系统的工作原理和机制,包括二次监视雷达、 自动 广播相关监视系统、多点定位系统、空中防撞系统、敌我识别器系统、测距仪和交通信息广 播服务系统等,重点分析了各系统对该频点的使用频度,讨论了可能出现的各种干扰形式, 指出了对1 030/1 090 MHz频谱现状进行监测,对未来的干扰环境和应用系统的性能进行评 估的重要意义。     

高分子质量谷蛋白亚基与小麦加工品质的关系

小麦胚乳中的谷蛋白是由高分子质量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子质量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)通过二硫键而形成的大小不同的聚合体。近年来的研究表明,小麦胚乳谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)含量与小麦面团特性、面包体积等多项品质指标高度相关,而HMW-GS也是通过亚基类型和含量的变化影响形成聚合体的数量、大小和分布,间接影响小麦加工品质。因此,本文简要综述了编码HMW-GS的不同基因位点及位点上的亚基与面团品质及焙烤品质的关系。