Private or public school advantage? Evidence from 40 countries using PISA 2012-Mathematics

It is known that in most countries, private school students outperform students in public schools in international assessments. However, the empirical literature recognizes that assessing the true effect of private school attendance requires addressing selection and sorting issues on both observabland unobservables. The existing empirical evidence on the private school effect mostly covers OECD and Latin American countries, with little evidence on other parts of the world. There is recent emerging country-specific evidence doubting the existence of a private school advantage. I use PISA 2012 data for Mathematics and two different methodologies to derive baseline and bias-corrected estimates of the private-dependent and independent school effect for 40 countries. A robust private school advantage is found only in a handful of countries. Public schools generally perform as well as private subsidized schools and outperform independent schools. Accounting for both peer effects and selection is necessary when evaluating school effectiveness, especially in the case of independent schools.     

荷兰学派的技术哲学思想初探

荷兰学派是指在技术哲学领域,以特温特大学、埃因霍温理工大学、代尔夫特大学以及瓦格尼格大学哲学部为代表的荷兰学者们及其相关研究。他们掀起了国际技术哲学界的＂经验转向＂,提出了＂技术人工物双重属性＂的技术解释学论纲,具体表现在对工程哲学、技术与社会的关系、信息技术、技术文化、技术可持续性等的关注。在国际技术哲学的舞台上,荷兰已有取代美国成为研究中心的趋势。     

American institutionalism and its British connections

Abstract

This paper examines the connections between American institutionalists and a number of ‘non-Marshallian’ British economists and social scientists, several of whom were associated with the Fabian Society or the London School of Economics or both. Specifically, the links between institutionalists such as Walton Hamilton and Wesley Mitchell and British social scientists such as John A. Hobson, Henry Clay, R.A. Tawney, William Beveridge and Graham Wallas. It is argued that these connections were related to common views on the importance of institutions, compatible methodological views, common interest in questions of social value, shared policy concerns (particularly unemployment and the coal industry), shared interests in the development of new institutions for education and research in economics and shared connections with the funding activities of the Rockefeller Foundation. These connections were much more extensive than has usually been realized. Some reasons for this British group not to form into a movement similar to American institutionalism are explored.     

Ugo Broggi: a precursor in mathematical economics

The concern for the existence of solution to the Walras - Cassel model is usually dated at the beginning of the 1930s, and one decade later the proof of existence of utility function. Ugo Broggi, however, posed both issues in 1923 and 1919, respectively, and even hinted at modern ways of solving them. He was an outstanding mathematician, a former disciple of David Hilbert and collaborator with the Giornale degli Economisti. Broggi's achievements are also linked to a critical reading of Osorio's treatise on Paretian economics.     

高校体育活动中的保险研究

体育运动存在的高风险性在一定程度上阻碍了学校体育的发展,本文通过对我省学校体育课,课外体育训练中体育保险参与的现状调查,分析体育教育与体育保险的内在联系,并对体育保险的发展提出建议,使其更好地为学校体育服务。     

奥地利学派对理论经济学前提的追问——论米塞斯的经济认识论

奥地利经济学有着坚实的哲学认识论基础.在社会科学的定位上,奥地利经济学反对逻辑上的心理学要素,反对本能主义、行为主义和整体主义,主张有机的自由主义;在经济学的定位上,奥地利经济学反对笼统地划分理性与非理性,反对对经济学作表面层次的物质主义的定义,强调稀缺性由其引致的自由选择才是经济学的根本前提.     

米塞斯与奥地利学派经济学

米塞斯与哈耶克是新奥地利学派的代表人物,哈耶克的国际学术声望和地位要高于米塞斯,但米塞斯却是当然的精神领袖。米塞斯培养出了第三代、第四代遵循和发展奥地利学派传统的经济学家,而且新奥地利经济学的几乎所有贡献或者始于米塞斯的著述,或者源于进一步发展其观点的努力。这些贡献对自由市场制度作出了不同于新古典主义经济学的解读。如果要想对市场之所以有效率的广泛基础和某些重要细节获得更好的理解,自然不能忽视米塞斯的贡献。     

Competition and public high school performance

Increasing the level of school competition has been suggested as a way to improve school performance. This study examines one of the most extreme examples of such reform using data from New Zealand public high schools. In the 1990s school zoning was abolished in New Zealand and public schools competed for students, not just with private schools, but also with each other. A categorical Data Envelopment Analysis model using data on school resources and student academic performance, stratified using student socio-economic characteristics, is used to calculate efficiency scores for schools. A regression model is then used to analyse differences in these efficiency scores and their relationship to different levels of competition.     

规模扩大对高中学校组织结构的影响

学校规模与组织结构变迁之间存在着密切关系,本研究希望通过探讨规模扩大对学校组织结构的影响,分析现存的问题,并提出建议。     

CHILD LABOR AND SCHOOL ENROLLMENT IN RURAL INDIA: WHOSE EDUCATION MATTERS?

This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of child labor and school enrollment in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. A village fixed‐effect logit model for each child is estimated with the incidence of child labor or school enrollment as the dependent variable, in order to investigate individual and household characteristics associated with the incidence. Among the determinants, this paper focuses on whose education matters most in deciding the status of each child, an issue not previously investigated in the context of the joint family system. The regression results show that the education of the child's mother is more important in reducing child labor and in increasing school enrollment than that of the child's father, the household head, or the spouse of the head. The effect of the child's mother is similar on boys and girls while that of the child's father is more favorable on boys.