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41.
Recreation carrying capacity (RCC) is one of the most important indictors used in measuring the usage limits for the forest park resources. However, the consensus has not been reached with respect to the RCC’s content and its measuring metrics. In this paper, we attempt to establish a new RCC theoretical framework based on the demand theory of the tourism product characteristics. In the process, the choice experiment and orthogonal design methods are used in questionnaire designs and the conditional Logit model is used for parameter estimates. More than 700 park visitors are surveyed for data collection at the Shenyang National Forest park of Liaoning province in China. The primary park attributes being considered encompass vegetation, coverage, water quality, number of rubbish on the park trail path, admission fees, and congestion. The carrying capacity threshold for each specific attribute is identified.  相似文献   
42.
"经济人"理念常被用于解释经济现象中的利己行为,但是无论对于政府还是农民,社会性也是不可忽视的一个方面。在"三农"政策执行过程中,"经济人"和"社会人"属性共同对政策执行结果造成了影响,通过保定市的调查结果,验证了这一结论。  相似文献   
43.
In the 1990s, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) suffered from severe food shortages and large-scale deforestation, which triggered a stage of rural conservation reform. Since 2004, with support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), North Korea’s Ministry of Land and Environmental Protection (MoLEP) has implemented a Sloping Land Management Program (SLMP). The SLMP established sloping land user groups and granted these groups the right to use marginal land for agroforestry development. This devolution of land rights from state control onto local groups is a landmark in North Korea, and this decentralization initiative has now expanded to over eight counties to involve thousands of households. It has also led to the launch of a National Agroforestry Policy and Strategy. Drawing from both qualitative and quantitative data collected from 2008 to 2014, this paper documents the process and effects of the SLMP. It argues that the decentralization reform in land management has contributed to not only food security with increased food crop diversity and productivity, but also notably forest recovery through an expansion of tree plantations and agroforestry practices on degraded sloping lands. However, an insufficient power transfer in the form of a lack of timber rights granted to the local user groups has hampered the effectiveness of the SLMP. There are also institutional and geopolitical challenges that are limiting further scaling-up of land-use decentralization across the country. The policy implication calls for more international investment as well as national land-use policy reforms in order to promote and facilitate further decentralization of sloping land management and to secure greater use rights for sloping land user groups.  相似文献   
44.
乌鲁木齐县作为首府的直辖县,发挥着缓解首府经济、社会与环境矛盾的重要作用。但是基于“大城市、小郊区”的现状,乌鲁木齐存在着城乡分割、二元结构逐步扩大的趋势,影响着首府经济、社会的和谐发展和乌昌经济一体化进程。本文在分析了乌鲁木齐二元结构现状和制约因素基础上,提出了构建乌鲁木齐城乡统筹发展的新机制。  相似文献   
45.
投资是拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”之一,农村固定资产是拉动新疆农业和农村经济增长的动力。本文从经济和社会两大层面深入分析了新疆农村固定资产投资对新农村建设的促进作用,剖析了现阶段农村固定资产投资结构存在的问题,并对扩大农村固定资产投资规模,完善固定资产投资增长机制,加快新农村建设提出了相关的政策建议。  相似文献   
46.
论乡村社会林业的内涵实质与基本特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文通过深入分析和研究,界定和归纳了乡村社会林业这一概念,进一步分析了乡村社会林业发展的基本特点和管理要求,揭示了乡村社会林业的内涵实质与基本特征,认为乡村社会林业本身就是适应乡村综合发展的一种可持续林业,乡村社会林业发展能够为山区社会经济发展提供稳定、高质量的生态环境,并促进农村社会的综合协调与持续发展。  相似文献   
47.
无备选站址条件下的客运站自动选址是线站协同优化的前提和基础,而不局限于车站选址的代价最小化,同时考虑连接车站间区间线路的代价具有重要意义。构建复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址模型,首先,建立综合地理信息模型,基于线站一体化的设计理念,实现单个车站选址,确定站心位置及站坪方向;其次,以公路线形优化模型的改进算法完成站—站间自动选线设计;最后,将车站选址代价与区间线路代价紧密结合起来,计算综合代价,实现站址方案的优选。以山区铁路为例对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法能高效生成山区铁路车站方案集,并辅助设计人员进行方案优化。  相似文献   
48.
    
Governance of the environment and natural resources involves interests of multiple stakeholders at different scales. In community-based forest management, organisations outside of communities play important roles in achieving multiple social and ecological objectives. How and when these organisations play a role in the community-based forest management process remains a key question. We applied social network analysis to a case study in Indonesian Borneo to better understand the evolution of interactions between organisational actors, and with communities. NGOs featured most prominently in initiating the permit process, implementing management, and providing other support activities, while also being well-connected to donors and government actors. The network configurations indicated significant cooperation among organisations when initiating the community forest process, while bridging between village and organisational levels characterised all stages of the community forest process. While community-based forest management often evokes images of grassroots efforts and broad local capacity to manage forests, reality shows a more dynamic and heterogeneous picture and broader involvement of different actor types and motivations in Indonesia. These findings can be applied to other countries implementing and expanding their decentralised forest policies.  相似文献   
49.
马春雷 《南方农村》2013,(3):59-62,68
本文对我国林产品对外贸易现状进行分析,研究发现我国林产品进出口市场高度集中,进1:3多为环境敏感的初级林产品,出口则以低附加值的劳动密集型林产品为主。我国林业企业不但承受着环境保护的压力,也承担着贸易摩擦带来的风险。所遇困境已经制约了新时期我国林产品对外贸易的发展,因此,必须改变贸易方式,加强企业综合实力,才能走出困境。  相似文献   
50.
Using a comparative-static general equilibrium model in the context of the Western Hemisphere, this paper compares the economic effects of a “hub-and-spokes” type of bilateral trade configuration (with Chile being the hub) with those of a more comprehensive regional FTA (namely, the FTAA). The model is augmented to account for the possibility of technology spillovers and its effective assimilation among participating economies. In particular, absorptive capacity, governance factor, proximity and socio-institutional congruence conjointly determine an economy’s capacity to capture the technology that is transmitted from the developed spoke United States to other regions. JEL no. D58, F13, O33  相似文献   
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