关于农村税费改革的回顾与思考

通过安徽省近三年的试点,农村税费改革大大减轻了农民的负担,规范了税费的征管,进一步改善了农村党群干群关系,取得了积极的成效,但农村税费改革仍是初步的,还存在不少矛盾和问题。因此,必须按照“巩固、规范、完善、配套”的要求,进一步加大对农业、农村的投入,调动基层干部的积极性,把减轻农民的负担作为治本之策。     

Growing deep roots: Increasing Aboriginal authority in contemporary forest governance arrangements

The governance literature highlights a shift away from “government” to new and more complex governing arrangements that involve a greater set of institutions and actors in decision-making processes. According to a number of studies, this shift is ongoing in forestry. This article seeks a better understanding of contemporary forest governance by exploring the emerging role of Aboriginal peoples in the Canadian forest sector. It is well known that Aboriginal participation in forest management is crucial for achieving sustainable forestry. Yet we know little about how Aboriginal communities can induce a change in governing conditions. We examined the various governance arrangements through which the Essipit Innu First Nation in Quebec (Canada) was able to exercise authority over forest management. Using multiple qualitative data gathering techniques, our analysis shows that Essipit innovated in forest governance by creating a partnership with the forest company Boisaco and, thus, gained authority over forest management decisions at the operational level. Our analysis explains that this new governance arrangement is built on growing collaboration and interdependencies between these two parties. Common values, orientations, mechanisms and tools are also necessary conditions. Finally, this research highlights the need for greater cultural understanding.     

茂山林场林权纠纷调处对策研究

随着林地、林木资源的不断增值,国有林场与周边村寨之间的林权纠纷时有发生,这不但严重影响和制约了国有林场工作的正常开展,同时也影响林区的未来发展。通过对某市林权制度改革情况的专题调研,针对当前茂山林场林权纠纷长期以来存在的社会矛盾问题,从林权纠纷的概念、产生的原因和对策入手,针对茂山林场林权纠纷发生的现象,通过对茂山林场林权纠纷情况进行综合分析,分析产生的原因,找出林权流转过程中存在的问题,阻碍林权流转的制约因素,提出解决问题的对策,并明确加快林权流转的途径与策略选择。     

Linking forestry, sustainability and aesthetics

In forest planning, little research has been devoted towards examining how visual-impact assessment can improve the public acceptance of forest activities and augment forest sustainability. The objective of the present work is to review the methods of aesthetic assessment of forest landscapes, which will help the implementation of visual-impact assessment in sustainable forestry. From the numerous techniques of landscape evaluation that have been devised in recent years, the expert approach techniques have dominated in environmental management practices and the perception-based approach in research. The non-market economic valuation techniques are essentially trade-off methods and not aesthetic assessments by themselves. Revealed preference methods, such as hedonic-price, use actual market choices of individuals to get their preferences towards non-market attributes, and stated preference methods, such as contingent valuation method, rely on surveys to get directly the individual's willingness to pay for the non-market attributes. Psychophysical preference modelling is a popular quantitative holistic technique of landscape evaluation and if used in combination with indirect aesthetic evaluation methods might create new standards and protocols for techniques of objectively estimating public perception of aesthetic quality and thus to enhance social sustainability in forest space.     

加强矿区环境管理的对策

本文在对矿区资源开发与利用存在问题分析的基础上,提出了在矿区环境管理中要以现代科学管理方法为指导,建立矿区发展与环境综合决策机制,从专业管理向综合管理转变;加强各种管理手段的相互配合和综合运用;大力推行清洁生产,实现生态化管理;改变矿区偏重于末端治理的传统管理模式,实现全过程管理等对策建议。     

北宋西北沿边屯田的空间分布与发展差异

屯田是宋军在对西夏作战中粮食补给的重要来源之一。本文重点讨论宋夏战争背景下西北屯田的空间分布规律及其发展差异。文章指出,屯田在宋夏灵州之战中开始出现,并逐渐由临时补给措施转化为常规补给方式。庆历时期,西北屯田在鄜延路、泾原路形成两大中心区域,并分别向宋夏边界东北部和西南部扩展。由于地理环境以及战争因素的影响,北宋中后期,屯田向宋夏东北边界的扩展活动发展缓滞,而屯田在宋夏西南边界的扩展却极为顺利。     

中原经济区城乡协调发展评价

统筹协调的城乡发展格局是中原经济区发展战略的内在要求。本文在分析城乡协调发展内涵的基础上,构建了城乡协调发展评价指标体系,并利用相关省份2012年统计年鉴数据对中原经济区各地市城乡协调发展水平进行评价和空间格局分析。结果显示:(1)中原经济区城乡协调发展空间上呈现明显的"块状"分布格局,北方城乡协调水平总体好于南方;(2)不同因子对地级市层次城乡协调发展影响程度与各地级市之间按各主因子的差异程度不具备一致性;(3)县域经济发展是推动城乡系统向高水平城乡协调关系演进的重要动力。     

基于行为与态度的生态旅游市场构成研究--以太白山国家森林公园为例

生态旅游者作为生态旅游活动的主体，其行为特征的研究至关重要。本文以太白山森林公园为例，对旅游者行为特征进行了调查研究，将其划分为一般生态旅游者和比较严格的生态旅游者，并对二者特征进行了对比研究，提出了与周边行政区联合开发等策略。     

生态文明制度建设背景下的森林可持续经营：研究与展望

森林经营制度是《森林法》的基础性制度,而森林可持续经营的制度化则是生态文明制度建设的重要内容。在《森林法》修改中,森林经营理念、森林分类经营、森林采伐限额、森林经营方案编制与森林生态补偿等问题成为关注焦点。从建设＂美丽中国＂的时代要求来看,森林可持续经营是谱写＂美丽中国＂的森林篇章,其制度设计应当服从生态文明制度的整体设计。因此,实现森林的可持续经营,应当成为《森林法》修改的基本任务之一。     

林权改革过程中的林农信贷约束及其对策研究

本文首次将显性和隐性约束纳入林农信贷约束模型中,分析得出信息不对称是造成林农信贷约束的主因,而提高林农违约成本是解决信贷供求双方信息缺口最直接有效的方式.本文通过科学设置问卷的方式识别出约56％的林农有效信贷需求受到约束（包括显性和隐性约束）,正是因为林权配套改革不彻底,加之我国林业经济小而分散的特征以及信贷供给方的垄断因素等加重了信息不对称程度,导致林农信贷约束难以解除.