中国制造业的市场集中、地理集聚与企业绩效

本文研究我国制造业的市场结构与地理分布对企业全要素生产率的影响.以中国工业企业数据库的大样本数据为基础,采用LP法计算企业生产率,构造市场集中度指标和地方化经济、城市化经济两个集聚指标,进行了多方位的计量检验.研究结果表明,制造业的市场集中不利于企业生产率的提高,代表专业化水平的地方化经济促进了企业生产率的提升,度量行业间多样化集聚的城市化经济对企业生产率没有显著的影响.市场集中对出口企业的负面影响不明显,控制市场集中和地理集聚后,出口企业生产率高于非出口企业,出口的“生产率悖论”并不存在.     

城市扩张与集约农业背景下浅层地下水重金属污染特征空间分析

地下水是城乡结合部和农村地区的重要饮用水源之一,城市的扩张和农业集约经营对地下水的影响日益明显。本文以典型区—沈阳沈北新区为例,以地下水重金属为评价指标,采用经典统计和地统计的方法,分析城乡交错地区地下水污染程度和空间分异性特征,旨在为类似地区土地利用规划和地下水环境管理提供科学依据。结果显示:Fe、Mn超标率较高,分布范围较广;Cd、Hg分布集中,受城镇化的影响较为明显;Pb与集中养殖产业分布关系密切;As的分布与当地化工企业有关;Fe、Mn空间变异性强,空间异质性主要受自然条件等结构性因素控制;Cd、Pb、Hg空间变异性中等,As空间变异性弱,Cd、Pb、Hg、As这四种元素空间异质性的形成主要受人为活动等随机因素的影响;初步发现Fe和Mn,Mn和As有相似的来源。     

Local poverty reduction in Chile and Mexico: The role of food manufacturing growth

This paper analyzes the relationship between local poverty and food manufacturing growth in Chile and Mexico using propensity score matching, differences in differences and spatial econometrics methods. We focus on food manufacturing as a sector with a number of characteristics that make it potentially pro-poor, and whose incentives for spatial distribution may either strengthen or dampen its poverty reduction potential. The overall results indicate growth in food manufacturing employment contributes to local poverty reduction.     

省域环境技术效率空间视角分析

通过构建环境污染综合指数,本文首先采用SBM非期望产出模型测度了我国29个省（市）2000—2009年环境技术效率。在此基础上运用探索性空间数据分析,结果发现省域间环境技术效率存在显著的空间依赖性,其自相关性已不容忽视。通过进一步利用空间面板数据模型对其影响因素进行实证分析后的研究结果表明：一个地区的环境技术效率与其所处位置及周边环境密切相关,并且受到邻近省份结构性差异误差冲击,这体现为各省份在经济发展水平、FDI、对外开放度和治理投资额等空间影响因素的差异。经济发展水平、外商直接投资和对外开放度均显著提升了各省份环境技术效率,而产业结构、环境治理投资额与环境技术效率负相关,环境治理投资效果并不显著。     

长三角城镇化泡沫问题探讨——以长三角14个城市为研究对象

随着城镇化率与城镇化水平之间的差距越来越大,城镇化泡沫在城镇化进程中慢慢显现。本文:首先,通过计算长三角经济、人口、空间城镇化泡沫指数与综合多指标的生活质量城镇化泡沫,指出长三角城镇化泡沫趋势最明显的城市;然后,通过计算全局Moran’s I指数了解城镇化泡沫空间相关性;最后,总结城镇化泡沫城市的特征,并提出对策建议。     

城市圈可接近性与城市经济增长--以珠三角、武汉城市圈为例

针对我国目前正在兴起的建设城市圈的热潮,本文讨论了城市圈形成的一个模型,运用空间计量以及面板数据的方法对我国已经发展较成熟的珠三角城市圈以及正在建设的武汉城市圈进行了比较研究,结果发现:城市圈的可接近性能显著地促进位于城市圈内的城市的经济增长水平。本文还提出了发展边缘城市、实施组团式发展的城市圈发展策略。     

基于空间自相关的滇中城市群县域经济发展研究

针对县域经济研究方法较为单一,基于滇中城市群2003—2012年县域人均GDP数据,采用结合时空尺度的全局和局部空间自相关研究方法,对于县域经济发展时空特征进行分析和评价。分析结果表明,滇中城市群县域经济在全局和局部空间上都表现为较强的正相关性质,县域经济在时空上的联系日益密切,但中心城市的经济集聚和扩散辐射效应较弱,经济欠发达的县域单元数量仍比较多。该方法能够为滇中城市群县域经济发展战略制定提供参考,并提出合理的对策和建议。     

Spatial determinants of productivity growth on agri‐food Spanish firms: a comparison between cooperatives and investor‐owned firms

This study analyses the effect of the spatial factor, location, and interaction effects among peer companies, on the productivity growth of agri‐food companies in Spain. With this aim, we build a productivity growth index and apply a multiequational Seemingly Unrelated Regression on a sample of 344 Spanish cooperatives and investor‐owned firms for the period 2010–2012. Our findings show that agri‐food firms are influenced by spatial factors finding interesting differences between cooperatives and investor‐owned firms. With regard to the geographical location, cooperatives in the western of Spain show higher productivity growth rates, whereas investor‐owned firms in the northeast of Spain present better results. The interaction effect among closer peer companies is also a relevant factor to determine the productivity growth in agri‐food companies. This factor is more relevant for cooperatives than for investor‐owned firms.     

Negotiating climate change responses: Regional and local perspectives on transport and coastal zone planning in South Sweden

Putting climate change policy-integration into practice is challenged by problems of institutional misfit, due to, inter alia, deficient vertical administrative interplay. While most focus within the field of climate change research has targeted the national–local interplay, less is known about the interface of regional and local perspectives. Here, the aim is to study that interface with a specific focus on the relation between regional and local spatial planning actors, through a case-study of transport and coastal zone management in a Swedish municipality. The article is based on interviews (focus group and single in-depth) and official planning documents. The material reveals a tricky planning situation, replete with conflict. In practice, various institutional frameworks, claims and ambitions collide. The attempts to steer the local spatial planning initiatives from the regional level led to conflicts, which in turn seems to have hampered the overall work for climate change management through spatial planning. Furthermore, there are few traces of prospects of a smooth vertical institutional interplay able to support the overall aims related to integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation in spatial planning.     

基于GIS的铁路密度空间分异研究——以新疆铁路交通网络为例

城市对外交通中,铁路是发展较早的交通运输方式。本文以新疆的铁路交通网络为依据,以道路密度为指标,利用Arc GIS的叠加分析和空间分析功能,研究新疆铁路交通网络的空间分异,并分析新疆各区域人口、生产总值差异与铁路密度差异之间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)新疆铁路密度差异显著,大体呈现"南北低中部高"的趋势;(2)新疆各地区铁路密度与人口分布、生产总值高度正相关。