中国城市群高新技术企业全要素生产率的空间差异与动态演进

为了准确揭示中国城市群高新技术企业全要素生产率的空间差异与时间演进特征,文章在对现有相关文献进行述评的基础上,利用超越对数随机前沿生产函数、Theil指数、Kernel密度估计、空间 Markov 链估计等方法开展实证分析。研究发现：①9 个城市群高新技术企业全要素生产率整体呈增长态势,呈现明显的区域差异特征,整体差异、区域内及区域间差异均呈扩大态势,区域内差异是造成整体差异的根本原因;②其全要素生产率增长的分布曲线中心右移,呈向右拖尾态势,曲线区间宽度明显扩大,主峰峰值显著降低,但极化现象各异;③在考虑空间关联效应下,19 个城市群高新技术企业全要素生产率转移特征呈现出明显的空间关联性,不同邻近水平环境下,其转移概率矩阵呈现出不同的时空动态演进特征。研究结论对于缩小企业全要素生产率增长的区域差异与促进区域协同创新发展具有重要理论和实践意义     

高校科技创新、空间溢出与区域经济发展

本文搜集整理了2008—2017年31个省(市、自治区)(因数据缺失,不包括港澳台地区)高校科技创新能力及区域经济发展的空间面板数据,在评价各省域高校科技创新能力基础上运用ArcGIS探寻两者的空间分布特征.利用空间面板模型对高校科技创新能力对区域经济发展的影响进行参数估计;选取时点固定效应的空间杜宾模型将各变量对经济发展的空间溢出效应进行分解.研究结果表明:一是高校科技创新能力和区域经济发展在地理空间上的集聚特征更加集中;二是解释变量高校科技创新能力和各控制变量的提高对区域经济发展水平有显著正向影响;三是空间效应分解后,按直接、间接和总效应的作用方向、数值大小和是否通过显著性水平检验,结果可分为三类.     

省域一次能源CO_2排放的空间计量经济分析

本文结合STIRPAT扩展模型,依据一次能源消耗数据测算了1990—2006年中国30个省(区、市)的碳排放量,并对潜在影响因子进行了分析。结果显示,中国省域二氧化碳排放呈现出明显的空间自相关性,其中能源强度、人口增长率、经济发展水平是区域二氧化碳排放的主要驱动因子,而城市化水平与区域碳排放未表现出明显的相关特征。同时,省域二氧化碳排放存在空间相关性和空间异质性并存的现象。而显著性检验结果显示,这种现象是系统过程的作用结果。区域的经济发展水平及经济结构与二氧化碳排放水平在空间上存在耦合现象。这意味着,在制定区域环保和能源政策及措施时,必须对碳排放及其影响因子的空间相互作用机制进行综合分析。     

FDI、本土企业集聚及经济增长效应——基于浙江县域面板数据的实证检验

文章基于浙江52县1996年-2005年的面板数据实证检验了外资企业、本土企业集聚及经济增长效应。实证结果表明,外资企业、本土企业空间集聚具有显著的经济增长效应,但是相比于资本来说两者作用效果并不强;外资企业在浙江县域的区位分布并不注重本土企业空间集聚状况,而是更加注重外资企业空间集聚度;本土企业空间集聚是本土企业发展的重要影响因素,而外资企业集聚对本土企业投资反而呈现较小的"挤出效应"。因此,为了进一步提升浙江县域内生经济增长,应加强浙江县域外资企业与本土企业融合,从而提高区域持续的增长潜力。     

Japan׳s prefectural digital divide: A multivariate and spatial analysis

This study of the digital divide within Japan utilizes data from the country׳s 47 prefectures for multivariate and spatial analysis of distributions of information and communication technology (ICT) variables. The paper constructs an exploratory conceptual model of technology utilization and expenditures in Japan, induced from prior literature. Ten dependent ICT utilization and expenditure factors are posited to be related to 12 independent demographic, economic, infrastructure, education, innovation and openness factors. The relationship of the independent to dependent factors is moderated by analysis of spatial patterns of technology utilization to examine proximities and reduce spatial bias. Based on the model, a multivariate analysis identifies correlates of the nation׳s digital divide, including patents registered by Japanese citizens, newspaper circulation, students and pupils per capita, household expenditures on education, rural/urban status, and Japan׳s aged population structure which has wide generational gaps. Spatial clusters and outliers of ICTs in prefectures are analyzed, with attention to their policy impacts. Findings suggest modifications to the conceptual model. Implications of findings for the country׳s official national technology planning policies are considered and recommendations made to expand them.     

湖南省乡村韧性空间格局分析与障碍因子诊断

构建乡村韧性测度指标体系,运用多指标综合评价法、空间自相关以及障碍诊断模型等方法,研究湖南省乡村韧性的空间格局特征,并进行分区与障碍因子诊断。研究结果表明：湖南省乡村韧性综合度介于0.179 7～0.667 0,高值集中在省会及其周边县域,低值集中在湘西地区;4个维度韧性分布以高值聚类为主,呈正相关;根据综合度和协调度将全省划分为6个类型区,生态韧性与经济韧性为主要障碍因子。     

战略性新兴产业空间集聚测度及影响因素分析——以安徽省为例

基于地理经济学理论,选取2012—2020年安徽省16个地市面板数据,运用空间基尼系数、区位熵、空间自相关分析对战略性新兴产业集聚的空间效应及演化特征进行测度,进一步构建空间计量模型,实证探究影响战略性新兴产业空间集聚的主要因素。研究结果表明：安徽省各区域战略性新兴产业空间集聚存在明显的负空间相关性,且整体集聚水平较低,两极格局明显;从计量结果来看,产业关联性、人力资本、对外开放程度以及政府支出对安徽省战略性新兴产业空间集聚的发展影响显著。最后,依据研究结果,对促进安徽省战略性新兴产业集聚发展提出政策建议。     

Perceived importance of ecosystem services in the Białowieża Forest for local communities – Does proximity matter?

Effective protection of biodiversity in areas of high conservation value requires trade-offs between local use of natural resources and conservation restrictions. The compromise is often difficult to reach, which causes conflicts over the management priorities of existing and potential protected areas. Ecosystem services (ES) perspective offers a promising avenue for diagnosing and reconciling contrasting interests concerning the use of benefits from ecosystems. We examined how the spatial proximity to the Białowieża Forest (BF), a European biodiversity hotspot, affects the perceived use of ES by local communities. We performed a survey among 719 respondents from 35 villages situated within BF and in its vicinity. We found that both the declared use of ES and the perceived influence of ES on household’s economy was declining with the distance from BF with particularly high differences between areas not further than 3 km from BF and areas located 3-15 km from BF. Different zones varied in terms of benefits from tourism and costs connected with a potential limited access to ES due to conservation. Broadening the perspective, we argue that the trade-offs linked to ES may vary depending on the location in relation to the protected area and that local communities should not be treated as a homogenous group when considering benefits from the forest. Awareness of common patterns of ES use over space and local specificity may enhance effective management of even highly contested conservation areas.     

Planning strategies for dealing with population decline: Experiences from the Netherlands

This paper explores the selection and implementation of planning strategies and land use instruments for dealing with population decline in three different regions in the Netherlands. The study shows that each region developed very specific responses that can be explained by the different discourses that dominated planning and policymaking in that region. Although the perceptions about population decline, its consequences and suitable responses are strongly context specific, in all three regions responsible governments deemed it necessary to adapt existing policies and plans and to tailor strategies to a situation with population decline. The study also shows that ideas about using planning as a tool to stimulate economic growth prevail in the studied regions, but that it are precisely these ideas that hamper the development and implementation of policies for dealing with population decline. The paper also illustrates how Evolutionary Governance Theory can be useful for explaining why regions take different routes in dealing with population decline and for analysing the different dependencies that influence the selection of strategies.