区域技术创新及其影响因素的空间计量分析

利用空间统计的Moran指数和空间截面数据模型,对影响我国区域技术创新的因素进行计量分析。结果表明：区域创新环境对我国区域技术创新为显著的负效应;大学和创新企业对我国区域技术创新有显著的促进作用;研究机构对我国区域技术创新没有显著的贡献;创新企业对提高技术创新能力的贡献最大。     

HOW DO SPATIAL SPILLOVERS DIFFUSE IN SCIENCE–INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS? THE CASE OF FRENCH BIOTECH SECTOR

The objective of this article is to study the interactions that exist between public research and private research in the French biotechnology sector. These interactions are observable at a double level. On the one hand, public research can influence private research, and conversely. Researchers of these two spheres develop important relations of cooperation. We then seek to identify these mutual influences and to measure their spatial dimension. Using asymptotic least squares method, we show that spillovers can diffuse through cooperation in upstream and downstream phases of the innovation process. On the other hand, spillovers resulting from public or private research, when measured by an external stock of knowledge, would be located, in so far as they exist.     

Assessing High-Speed Rail’s impacts on land cover change in large urban areas based on spatial mixed logit methods: a case study of Madrid Atocha railway station from 1990 to 2006

This paper proposes an accessibility-based spatial mixed logit (SML) model with panel data structure to examine the impacts of High-Speed Rail (HSR) on land cover change in large urban areas. Using data between 1990 and 2006, impacts of the Spanish HSR on Madrid’s Atocha railway station influence area – a 20 km radius buffer centred on the station – were investigated. To model the HSR impacts, besides socioeconomic variables, the development of both local and regional transportation networks with corresponding accessibility improvement is also taken into account to segregate the impacts of land-cover change brought by different sources of accessibility measures. In this study, two SML models are used: one incorporates regional accessibility indicators as a base model, and the other does not, acting as a control model. The model estimation results reveal that the reduction of the local and regional weighted travel average time has positive impacts on the Atocha station catchment area’s urbanised land-cover rates. Although the base and control models both achieve high goodness-of-fit values, the base model that considers regional accessibility reveals a better goodness-of-fit statistic and is more robust than the control model. It is concluded that the improvement of regional accessibility due to the arrival of HSR at Atocha station plays an essential role in the urbanisation of land cover changes in the study area.     

Does high frequency algorithmic trading matter for non-AT investors?

The extant literature has typically measured the impact of high frequency algorithmic trading (HFT) on short term outcomes, in seconds or minutes. We focus on outcomes of concern for longer term non-algorithm investors. We find in some cases HFT increases volatility arising from news relating to fundamentals. Furthermore HFT is associated with the transmission of that volatility across industries, and that transmission is based on short term correlations. Finally, we find that the period since the introduction of algorithmic trading (AT) has seen increases in both the variances and covariances of return volatility in most industries. However increases in the variances has not been uniform in that it has fallen sharply in a few industries. The magnitudes are such that, overall, AT has coincided with reduced return volatility variance.     

北京流动儿童义务教育设施的空间不均衡研究——以丰台区为例

以北京以及丰台区的适龄流动儿童分布和公立小学分布数据为例,采取社会地理学空间匹配的分析方法来测度流动儿童接受义务教育的空间不均衡性。结果显示,无论在市域、城区还是街道尺度,流动儿童就学需求和教育资源供给之间的空间不均衡现象都存在。据此,建议在学区划定时不仅要考虑常住户籍家庭儿童的数量,也要考虑校区吸引流动儿童的数量,并在流动人口集中的城乡结合地带,应尽量增设新的教育设施;或在现有教育资源的情况下,借助集体通勤方式提高这些教育设施的可达性,使更多的流动儿童得到就近接受义务教育机会。     

Intra-metropolitan shifts in labor demand and the adjustment of local markets

I offer new evidence on the adjustment of local labor markets to geographic shifts in labor demand within US metropolitan areas using a unique data set in which metropolitan subregions are geographically matched across the 1970–1980 and 1980–1990 decades. The evidence uncovered paints the following picture. Workers, especially those with less education, make incomplete adjustments within metropolitan areas in response to intra-metropolitan demand shifts. Although blacks may not make especially limited adjustments, they have disproportionately suffered deleterious effects from job movements because the demand shifts have tended to be away from their places of residence.