我国制造业数字化转型与高质量发展耦合协调性研究

文章运用PVAR、耦合协调和莫兰指数模型对我国2015年—2019年制造业数字化转型与高质量发展的动态耦合协调性进行了实证研究。结果表明:我国整体两系统发展水平呈波动式上升态势,但东中西部地区差异性较明显;在互动关系上,制造业数字化转型对高质量发展的促进作用更显著;我国整体两系统耦合协调度呈稳步上升态势,且从东部到西部梯度递减;在耦合协调空间关联关系上,东部地区呈“高—高”聚集特征,西部地区呈“低—低”聚集特征,中部地区则不显著。今后应进一步发挥东部地区对中西部地区的带动作用,因地制宜提高两系统的耦合协调度。     

新一代信息技术能否成为动力变革的重要支撑?——基于新兴产业分类与企业数据挖掘的实证分析

新一代信息技术作为新一轮科技革命的核心,可以通过“产业机制”和“赋能机制”推动和支撑经济发展动力变革。本文收集14514家样本企业,通过文本分析挖掘比照《战略性新兴产业分类(2018)》重新划分样本企业行业归属。在此基础上,筛选高成长企业,将其行业分布与新一代信息技术及其他战略性新兴细分行业对比,并构造表征新一代信息技术的代理变量,就其与省域经济增长及全要素生产率的关系进行计量检验。结果表明:虽然战略性新兴产业企业在样本企业中占比仅为30%左右,但筛选出的高成长企业60%以上都归属于战略性新兴产业;高成长企业中又有60%~70%属于新一代信息技术产业及数字创意产业。面板分析结果显示,新一代信息技术对省域经济增长有着明显的促进作用,但并不能提升全要素生产率;新一代信息技术已成为促进我国经济发展动力变革的重要支撑,但主要是通过产业机制来实现。未来我国应着力进行生产组织、设施完善、人员培训等方面的适应性改造,发掘新一代信息技术赋能机制方面的潜力。     

城市交通网络对工业用地隐性转型的影响机理研究 ——以武汉市为例

研究目的：依据城市工业用地转型的隐性内涵及其驱动理论,探究城市交通网络对工业用地隐性转型的影响机理,以助推城市交通结构优化和工业新型化发展。研究方法：工业用地隐性形态评价模型、核密度估计、地理加权回归模型和对数衰减函数。研究结果：（1）武汉市主城区工业用地隐性转型发展非均衡性较强;（2）武汉市主城区高速路、主干道、次干道、支路对工业用地隐性转型驱动作用显著并存在明显空间异质性;（3）不同等级道路对工业用地隐性转型廊道效应的吸引力差异表现为主干道最高,次干道次之,而铁路、高速公路、支路对其具有排斥作用,工业用地隐性转型受主干道、次干道影响的效应偏好显著。研究结论：为纾困城市工业用地内部结构优化与转型升级,应重点实施内涵建设和差异化空间管控,协同路网结构优化和工业用地隐性转型,以引导经济要素流动为目标优化城市交通网络,创新城市工业用地管控方式。     

国土空间治理的数字化转型：基本内涵、模式 演进与关键挑战

研究目的：解析国土空间治理数字化转型基本内涵与模式演进,探讨国土空间治理数字化转型的关键挑战。研究方法：文献综述法、理论分析法、归纳演绎法。研究结果：（1）国土空间治理数字化转型是指多元主体通过大数据、人工智能、区块链等技术手段建立数字国土、参与制定空间发展战略、实施资源优化配置行为,助力高质量国土空间构建的过程;（2）根据对象、主体与目标来解析国土空间治理数字化转型内涵,包括以数字孪生国土空间为基础场域,以政府—市场—社会多跨协同为重要形式,以系统重塑为核心目标三个方面;（3）数字化视域下我国国土空间治理先后经历了自然资源考察、数字地球建设、智慧地球发展、全面推进“数治化”4个发展阶段;（4）从传统国土空间治理向空间治理数字化转型面临数据治理体系不健全、治理需求高度分化、技术理性与民主价值难以统筹等现实问题。研究结论：多元主体利用数字化手段协同开展国土空间治理是加速治理现代化进程的必由之路,扎实推进国土空间治理数字化转型关键在于规范数据管理体系、关联多元场景、完善技术应用空间治理的顶层设计。     

乡村数字化转型对耕地绿色利用效率的影响机制及门槛效应研究

研究目的：科学探究乡村数字化转型对耕地绿色利用效率的影响机制,为推进乡村数字化转型赋能耕地绿色生产提供理论依据。研究方法：非期望产出SBM模型,Tobit回归模型和面板门槛回归模型。研究结果：（1）中国耕地绿色利用率均值由2011年0.628上升至2021年0.845,年均增幅2.17%,空间上呈现“东部、西部、中部”和“粮食主销区、产销平衡区、粮食主产区”依次递减格局;（2）乡村数字化转型水平均值由2011年0.127增长至2021年0.259,年均增幅10.49%,空间上呈现“东部、中部、西部”和“粮食主销区、粮食主产区、产销平衡区”依次递减非均衡格局;（3）中国乡村数字化转型对耕地绿色利用效率具有显著促进作用且存在区域异质性,东、中部地区乡村数字化转型的促进作用较西部地区更为显著,粮食主产区和产销平衡区较粮食主销区更为显著;（4）乡村数字化转型水平越过门槛值0.261时,对耕地绿色利用效率促进作用呈现边际效应递减的单门槛非线性特征。研究结论：区域间应联通数字赋能耕地绿色利用的合作共享网络、扩大数字技术对耕地利用环境污染的缓释效应和衔接耕地利用主体数字化耕种需求,是实现耕地绿色利用的长效驱动路径。     

空间知识溢出与我国区域经济发展政策研究

依托空间知识溢出修正模型,根据我国31个省级行政区面板数据的实证研究,揭示我国区域经济发展中的“知识溢出盆地”现象;同时根据区域间知识溢出效应的差异和实证结果,对我国区域经济发展和区域技术追赶问题进行分析研究,为我国区域经济发展提出相应的政策建议。     

The macroeconomic relevance of bank and nonbank credit: An exploration of U.S. data

This paper exploits the Financial Accounts of the United States to derive long time series of bank and nonbank credit to different sectors, and to examine the cyclical behavior of these series in relation to (i) the long-term business cycle, (ii) recessions and recoveries, and (iii) systemic financial crises. We find that bank and nonbank credit exhibit different dynamics throughout the business cycle. We also examine the role of bank and nonbank credit in the creation of financial interconnections and illustrate a method to conduct macro-financial stability assessments.     

Anthropogenic and topographic correlates of natural vegetation cover within agricultural landscape mosaics in Turkey

Natural vegetation enhances the value of agricultural landscapes for people and wildlife. However, the role of anthropogenic versus topographic factors in driving the extent of natural vegetation cover within agricultural lands at large spatial scales remains unexplored. I assessed the influence of anthropogenic and topographic variables on the extent of agricultural mosaics with high natural vegetation cover in the country of Turkey where a large extent of natural and semi-natural vegetation is maintained by traditional agriculture. GIS layers depicting human land use, elevation, slope, roads and population data were obtained and summarized at two spatial scales, within provinces and for 100 km² grid cells covering the country’s entire agricultural land area. Average farm size was also obtained at province level. Hierarchical Partitioning was conducted to determine the independent effect of anthropogenic and topographic variables on the variation in agriculture with high natural vegetation. Slope had the largest independent effect on the variation in the proportion of agricultural mosaic with high natural vegetation cover. The extent of agricultural and settlement area also explained much of the variation in natural vegetation across both grid cells and provinces. The proportion of natural vegetation increased as human population and road density decreased across grid cells and as average farm size decreased across provinces. These results suggest that while topography is the primary driver of natural vegetation cover within agricultural mosaics in Turkey, the pressures associated with urban development and agricultural industrialization may also influence the cultural and wildlife value of agricultural landscapes.     

Identifying the internal structure evolution of urban built-up land sprawl (UBLS) from a composite structure perspective: A case study of the Beijing metropolitan area,China

Differences in the internal composite structure during urban built-up land sprawl (UBLS) will generate different effects, and thus, a city’s spatial structure has important bearings on urban sustainability. This study investigates the spatial and temporal characteristics of the internal structure and allocation relationship of UBLS using multivariate spatial correlation and the Weaver-Tomas composite coefficient based on site data of granted built-up land parcels. Moreover, the composite structure evolution process of UBLS and its driving mechanism are examined in this study. The results reveal that the amount structure of the three types of UBLS (i.e. industrial land sprawl, residential land sprawl and commercial land sprawl) tended to be balanced during the study period. Following the transformation and upgrade of the urban industry structure, the overall composite structure of UBLS ranged from single residential land-use structure (Res.) to industrial-residential land-use structure (Ind.-Res.) In the early period of land marketization, the marketization land granting mechanism caused low spatial correlation between the various types of UBLS and a single composite structure, i.e. Res., single commercial land-use structure (Com.), and residential-commercial land-use structure (Res.-Com.). Subsequently, a dual-driving force including the market economy and government interventions caused a relatively high degree of spatial correlation and a multiple composite structure, i.e. Ind.-Res. and industrial-residential-commercial land-use structure (Ind.-Res.-Com.). However, the evolution characteristics of the composite structure in various regions illustrate some problems, such as the spatial isomorphism phenomenon of the composite structure and the dislocation of urban built-up land allocation. The urban internal built-up land spatial layout pattern is the embodiment of two dominant driving forces, the market and the government, interacting with each other according to natural and socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to reform the future urban built-up land granting mechanism based on market guidance, and the composite structure of UBLS should be adjusted according to the regional function. The government should reinforce the macro-control of land-use planning for the dispersed granted land parcels so as to optimize the urban land-use structure.     

翻译策略的制定与文化诉求的伸张

翻译通过语言的转换实现文化的跨越,前者是手段,后者才是目的。在此过程中,译者采取何种翻译态度和模式,往往与其文化诉求有关联,并且这种文化诉求不仅关乎译者个人的文化素养、价值取向、意识形态,还关乎历史的、政治的、宗教的背景。因此,翻译的过程是一个语言转换的过程,更是借助特定翻译策略表达某种文化诉求的过程。