浅析攀枝花旅游的发展

分析了目前攀枝花旅游在思想认识、产品开发、管理规划等方面存在的问题,提出了攀枝花的旅游特色化、规模化、品牌化,实现可持续发展趋势.     

旅游非优区位要素与开发析论

对旅游非优区位要素,应从资源赋存与配置、旅游市场区位、交通与距离、旅游需求与客流、区域社会经济等方面进行综合分析.当前宜采取区位重构、资源整合以及交通网络优化等对策措施,加快我国非优区位旅游地的开发建设.     

Examining Trends of Criteria Air Pollutants: Are the Effects of Governmental Intervention Transitory?

Despite its growth in other areas of economics,time series econometric methods have not beenwidespread in the area of environmental andresource economics. We illustrate one use oftime series methods by examining the time pathof US nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emission dataover the period 1900–1994. The analysishighlights that proper time series methods canaid in optimal regulatory policy as well asdeveloping empirical verification of theoriesput forth to explain economic phenomena. Inaddition, several interesting results emerge. First, we find that the emissions seriescontains both a permanent and random component. Second, if one attributed all of the emissionsreductions to regulatory policy, interventionanalysis suggests that the 1970 Clean Air Act(CAA) did not merely have transitory effects,but permanently influenced the NO_xemission path. In terms of total regulatoryimpact, an upper bound on the emissions saveddue to the 1970 CAA is in the range of27%–48%.     

Good volatility,bad volatility,and the cross section of cryptocurrency returns

This paper examines the predictability of realized volatility measures (RVM), especially the realized signed jumps (RSJ), on future volatility and returns. We confirm the existence of volatility persistence and future volatility is more strongly related to the volatility of past positive returns than to that of negative returns in the cryptocurrency market. RSJ-sorted cryptocurrency portfolios yield statistically and economically significant differences in the subsequent portfolio returns. After controlling for cryptocurrency market characteristics and existing risk factors, the differences remain significant. The investor attention explains the predictability of realized jump risk in future cryptocurrency returns.     

Cost Effectiveness Analyses Models in the Defence System in Republic Bulgaria

The thesis resulting from the research on the ＂costs-effects＂ relation is the principle of economic efficiency of defence capabilities. At first glance, the arguments in this direction are well-known and popular in crisis situations of various nature, including the current financial and economic crisis in the country, and the question about the cost of public welfare-security and defence is debatable. This cost is manifested through the defence capabilities of a country. In the new security environment, the compilation of a national defence strategy is a priority of the Defence Ministry, which has more and more limited resources. This means that they should be treated as an economic activity. An economic activity is considered as any purposeful activity, allocating and combining scarce resources among alternatives, making it possible to maximize the outcomes and minimize costs. The ratio between the costs and benefits of a given resource or combination of resources to achieve a pre-defined objective is pushed to the forefront and the rationalization of management decisions is based on it. This necessitates a cost effectiveness analysis, hence the evaluation of the outcomes （benefits） is manifested in the ＂cost-effect （benefit）＂ analysis. Defence as a product has the basic features of any commodity or service, i.e. it is designed for exchange, is useful, and meets certain needs. But due to the fact that it meets very specific needs （,preservation of the territorial integrity of the country and improving its national security）, it is distinguished by certain features which may be summarized as follows： collectivity of production and consumption of defence as a product necessary to the public, expressed by its consumption indivisibility; lack of market valuation of the price of defence as a product upon its consumption （as a monetary expression of its value）; the usefulness of defence as a product is reflected in its capacity to meet the system＇s needs for security and defence, which dete     

Stationarity and structural breaks — evidence from classical and Bayesian approaches

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the results of applying classical and Bayesian methods to testing for a unit root in time series with a single endogenous structural break. We utilize a data set of macroeconomic time series for the Mexican economy similar to the Nelson–Plosser one. Under both approaches, we make use of innovational outlier models allowing for an unknown break in the trend function. Classical inference relies on bootstrapped critical values, in order to make inference comparable to the finite sample Bayesian one. Results from both approaches are discussed and compared.     

福建省外商直接投资影响因素的实证分析

以区位优势理论为基础,选择劳动力工资水平、市场容量和消费水平、产业结构和基础设施、政策变量、贸易量和FDI集聚程度等关键变量,利用福建省的数据对这些变量与FDI的流入量之间的关系进行实证分析,并简要推断FDI的类型,得出了具有一定解释力的结论。     

企业物流和商流分离的必要性--以-个肉制品加工企业A公司为例

随着我国加入WTO,将会有越来越多的外国企业进入中国市场,那样将对我国内的企业带来严峻的考验,在这样的情况下,一定找到我国内企业与外国企业的差距所在,挖掘新的利润点,设法降低物流成本将是一个很好的武器;想要发挥物流的重要作用,就一定要实现企业运行过程中的物流与商流的分离,从而从最大程度上降低物流成本,提高企业的核心竞争力.     

第三方物流发展原因及价值分析

第三方物流提供了所有的物流活动。他们在第一方(供应商或生产商)和第二方(买方或顾客)之间扮演着桥梁或设施供应商的角色。第三方物流提供商的基本目标是降低供应商的整体物流成本,提高顾客服务水平。成本降低和对更好更便宜的服务的需求是增长背后的动力。     

The Development of a Scale Measuring Consumers' Selection of Retail Banks in Ghana

The current research attempts to investigate the use of the two sources of dealers' soft channel power (i.e., expert power and referent power) as a means of achieving three desirable channel relationship outcomes in Zimbabwe's channel of distribution system. The field study is conducted in Harare and Chitungwiza, and research data are collected from 447 small and medium-size enterprise (SME) manufacturers. Dealers' expert power and referent power are found to be important sources of channel power that positively influence SME manufacturers' trust, relationship commitment, and relationship satisfaction. It is concluded that managers in dealers' firms can improve their channel relationships with SME manfacturers if they acquire or enhance their expert power and referent power.