The SCOR model for the alignment of business processes and information systems

The alignment of business processes and information systems is a critical factor for both business process management (BPM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) system efficiency. Analysing existing approaches of alignment shows the need for an independent reference model to support the mapping between organisational and informational views. The SCOR model represents a strong management tool to evaluate, control, measure and improve existing supply chain process structures, based on a business process view of supply chain highlighting the functional requirements of best practices identified. We have critically analysed the contribution of the current SCOR model to the alignment of business processes and information systems. As the alignment is currently only based on the functional realisation of best practices, we show that this alignment risks neglecting important process dependencies. An extended reference model is then proposed, including the structuring of information exchanged between processes. That results in a more complete process map highlighting all physical and informational dependencies, in a multi-view of ‘business process mapping’ including the informational dimension, and thus a more precise alignment of ERP systems with processes.     

地质测绘科技发展趋势与对策

文章展望了地质测绘科技发展趋势，并就核工业部门今后地质测绘工作提出了几点对策与建议。     

基于应用型人才培养的《机械制图与零件测绘》课程教学改革分析

论文对《机械制图与零件测绘》课程开展教学改革进行研究,从而创建四位一体的教学内容。机械制图测绘的完整过程可以让物到图再回归物,形成闭环控制,提高学生的业务水平,培养应用型人才以满足社会发展的实际需要。     

Exploring promising vacant technology areas in a technology-oriented company based on bibliometric analysis and visualisation*

Under technology convergence phenomenon and fast-changing social demands, it is inevitable to collect and analyze a large amount of information in order to determine a vacant technology area that can preempt the market. Thus, this research aims to propose a systematic approach to identifying vacant technology areas by reflecting the technological competitiveness of company. Vacant technology is identified as underdeveloped and undeveloped vacant areas for a firm in both macroscopic and microscopic view by generating a technology level map in a practical view. In addition, vacant technology can be identified as undiscovered vacant areas in a microscopic view by using generative topology mapping (GTM) and local outlier factor (LOF). In a respective view, the promising vacant areas are defined by developing various indicators that represent competitive strength, growth stage, and marketability in both macro and micro level, and novelty indicators that represent originality and marketability in the micro level. The proposed approach is applied to the information & communication technology (ICT) R&D technology classification to validate its usefulness. The results can be used to enhance the practical application of R&D technology planning, understand the current technology level, and perform future technology planning.     

地质工作中现代测绘技术的应用

相较于传统的地质测绘手段而言,现代测绘技术在多方面都具有明显的优势,现代测绘技术的不断创新无疑是对地质工作更好地服务于与国家和人民的助推器。本文介绍了现代测绘技术的构成以及在地质工作中的应用。     

中国水资源利用与产业结构协调发展研究可视化分析

以1995—2022年中国知网核心数据库收录的218篇中国水资源利用与产业结构协调发展研究文献作为数据基础，利用CiteSpace可视化软件，分别绘制学者、机构、关键词知识图谱，系统探究该领域知识基础和前沿热点并揭示该领域的研究进展。研究表明：该领域发文量波动增长趋势与水利政策颁布趋势契合；领域研究机构合作紧密度小于学者合作紧密度；近年来“脱钩关系”“环境规制”“协调关系”等关键词在研究演化路径图谱中高频出现，构成领域前沿热点研究。     

Orienting rocky desertification towards sustainable land use: An advanced remote sensing tool to guide the conservation policy

Due to non-sustainable land management, desertification has been occurring widely across the world and continues to be a global land use problem. In this context, appropriate methodological tools, which can provide a biased estimation of desertification, are critical for learning from past failures and local successes in orienting desertification towards sustainable land use. This paper proposes a locally adaptive multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) algorithm to extract the rocky desertification information from medium resolution images at subpixel level and applies it to the case of Danjiangkou reservoir region (DRR), China. Quantitative comparisons show that the locally adaptive MESMA has achieved more accurate and reliable estimations of rocky desertification information in DRR than the traditional MESMA. An inversed U-shaped trend is observed for desertified land with different severity levels from 1987 and 2013 in DRR. In particular, the inflection point roughly emerged in period 2000–2005. Casual mechanism-based regressions demonstrate that such dynamics of rocky desertification are closely coupled with socioeconomic, biophysical, and policy factors. More specifically, we identify a significantly positive role of land conservation policy in combating and relieving rocky desertification in DRR. Positive effects are observed particularly through afforestation, investment, and professionals input. Based on the conclusions and lessons of DRR, I finally make relevant recommendations for formulating policies and strategies that attempt to orient desertification towards sustainable land use. The proposed locally adaptive MESMA can act as an advanced remote sensing tool to guide the conservation policy.     

How do individuals and groups perceive wetland functioning? Fuzzy cognitive mapping of wetland perceptions in Uganda

Wetlands are critical natural resources around the globe, providing many direct and indirect benefits to local communities. However, wetland degradation and conversion to other land uses are widespread. Sustainable wetland management requires an understanding of stakeholders’ perceptions of the ecosystem and its management. This paper uses fuzzy cognitive mapping to capture individual stakeholder perceptions and group knowledge of wetland ecosystems in order to assess areas of consensus and opposing interests between different stakeholders and to develop future management scenarios. For this purpose, the Rushebeya-Kanyabaha wetland, which is one of the few wetlands in southwest Uganda that is still largely intact, is used as a case study. Our findings reveal differences in perceptions between different resource users. Papyrus harvesters, beekeepers, fishermen, wetland non-users, and hunters associate the largest livelihood benefits with a wetland conservation scenario, while farmers and government officials perceive increased agricultural production in the wetland area to be more livelihood enhancing. This poses a challenge to sustainable wetland management. The scenario results also suggest that centralized top-down laws and rules on wetland use are not sufficient for maintaining the wetland ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need to develop shared understanding through bottom-up approaches to wetland management that are nested within national regulatory frameworks, ideally combined with awareness building and knowledge sharing on the ecological benefits of the wetland.     

Using scenario-based influence mapping to examine farmers’ biosecurity behaviour

Understanding of farmers’ influences relating to biosecurity is surprisingly weak, beyond general remarks that farmers tend to trust their private vet. Previous studies have explored influences in relation to single issue events. There is a need for better methodologies to fully appreciate how farmers’ biosecurity practices are shaped. Using bovine Tuberculosis as a case study, this paper uses stakeholder mapping methods applied across different scenarios. The aim is to identify how farmers’ responses to animal disease policy are shaped by their relationships with different actors. Interviews were conducted with 50 farmers in three areas in England. Farmers were presented with four scenarios to control bovine Tuberculosis: 1) a badger cull, 2) an oral badger vaccine, 3) a cattle vaccine and 4) a range of control measures. The results show that as things get more uncertain, government institutions become more influential. Government institutions and government vets are also important in situations where farmers do not consider themselves ‘experts’ i.e. vaccination as opposed to culling. The influence of other farmers was not universal; it differed between scenarios. These data show the value of scenario-based stakeholder mapping as a methodology that can enable biosecurity researchers to: more accurately and systematically determine stakeholder influence and understand how these influences change and evolve; understand the role of farmer biosecurity practices, the self-concept and ‘good farming’; and identify broader logics of biosecurity that influence and potentially frustrate animal disease policy goals.     

地理测绘中的三维CAD技术

在测绘过程中,将CAD技术运用于地理地形绘图中,能够大大提高绘图效率。在地理制图测绘中,三维CAD可以对地质测绘的结果通过相关的绘图软件进行编辑处理,然后用绘图的方式把最终结果输出,在整个地质勘探的过程中是一个不可或缺的环节,经过CAD处理以后能够将复杂的地形地势的绘制简单化,降低绘图过程中可能出现的失误。但由于三维CAD没有普及,运用在地理测绘中,出现了许多问题,本文对这些问题进行了总结,并提出了有效地解决方案。