The Effect of Risk Characteristics on the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions from Electric Power Generation

The objective of this study is to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for the reduction of mortality risks caused by fossil fuel (natural gas, coal and oil) versus nuclear electric power generation systems and to examine the influence of risk characteristics involved with electric power generation on WTP. A choice experiment was conducted to achieve these objectives. The attributes for nuclear risks in the experiment included the probability of disasters and the expected losses if a disaster occurs. We find evidence of (i) a baseline effect (where WTP is sensitive to hypothetical versus actual baseline expected mortality); (ii) a ‘labeling effect,’ where, surprisingly, the term ‘nuclear’ has no effect on WTP, but the term ‘fossil-fueled power generation’ results in lower WTP; and (iii) disaster aversion, meaning that people focus on the conditional loss from a nuclear disaster, not the probability. We also find that the WTP for reducing deaths from a nuclear disaster is about 60 times the WTP for routine reducing fossil-fuel generation-related deaths.     

商学实验教学体系的构建

该文介绍了商学实验的发展,就商学实验教学的目标和教学体系的构成进行了说明、分析。     

加强专业设计型实验提高学生的综合素质

专业设计型实验是培养学生综合运用知识能力的有效方式.开展专业设计型虚拟实验应给学生创造一个宽松和谐的环境,经过反复实践,将实验中心建成强化学生综合能力、创新能力培养的基地.     

政策性农业保险推广对农民收入的增进效应与作用路径解析--对渐进性试点的准自然实验研究

政策性农业保险作为重要的支农政策工具之一,除了起到农业风险管理作用之外,从长期来看还具有促进农民增收等效应。本文通过对已有文献进行梳理,讨论了政策性农业保险推广对农民收入增加的作用路径,并基于准自然实验的思路,将我国各省开展政策性农业保险试点作为外生冲击,利用2000~2016年的省级数据,使用渐进性双重差分的方法,评估政策性农业保险推广对农村居民收入以及收入结构的长期影响效果。研究发现,政策性农业保险试点对农村居民人均农业收入和人均非农收入的影响均是正向显著的,并且有助于区域内农村居民非农收入比重提高,这一效果随试点时间推进不断强化。此外,本文进一步检验了政策性农业保险推广对于城乡关系的间接效应,发现政策性农业保险试点对城镇居民收入的影响不大,对城乡收入差距缩小具有一定作用。     

磁流变传动装置理论分析与实验测试

在一定假设的基础上,建立了磁流变传动装置传递力矩的计算模型,对圆桶式和圆盘式结构磁流变传动装置的传递力矩及功率损失进行了比较分析,在此基础上确定了磁流变传动装置实验模型的结构参数,对该模型进行了实验测试。结果表明,通过调节电流的大小,可以实现转矩的智能控制。     

政府补贴能否促进高新技术企业的自主创新？——来自中关村的证据

中国政府对高新技术企业投入了大量补贴以激励它们创新,但是对补贴效果的研究并未达成一致结论。基于中关村3万多个高新技术企业2001-2012年的观察值,本文同时采用PSM与DID法对政府补贴的效果进行了研究,结果发现:第一,整体而言,政府补贴显著提高了创新经费支出、新产品销售收入和专利申请数量;第二,进一步将创新细分为自主创新和购买引进新技术之后发现,政府补贴存在“挤出效应”:被补贴企业的自主创新明显下降,而购买引进新技术显著增加;第三,政府补贴对企业的短期创新激励有显著的促进作用,但是对长期创新激励的促进作用不显著。本文对高新技术企业的补贴效果提供了实证绩效评估,所得出的结论有助于政府优化和调整激励创新政策。     

曲面响应法预测砂浆性能的试验研究

本试验以砂浆性能为研究对象,采用Box-Behnken的中心组合实验设计及响应面分析方法对腻子粘结强度进行预测研究。试验选用三因素三水平的响应曲面分析法,建立了粘结强度的二次多项数学模型,并以粘结强度为响应值作响应面和等高线,考察了水粉比、灰粉比和胶粉比对粘结强度的影响,并根据实际选择响应曲面方程,利用最小二乘法估计相应的系数,剔除最不显著因素,建立最终的数学方程。结果表明:该预测模型能很好地描述粘结强度与水粉比、灰粉比和胶粉比之间的关系,可以对腻子粘结强度进行分析和预测,为砂浆性能研究提供一种新方法。     

Choosing for others

Experiments conducted in the US and France were used to study how individuals make trade-offs between health and taste for themselves and others. When someone receives a choice made for them that differs from their preference, they experience a welfare loss; at least in the short-term. We measure the empirical magnitude of this loss, and suggest it play a role in assessing the desirability of paternalistic policies motivated by behavioural economics. We show that the welfare loss changes with the provision of new information and the impact of this information differs for the two countries.     

Managerial Commitment to Sustainable Supply Chain Management Projects

Most companies are under pressure to improve the environmental sustainability of their supply chains. However, there is considerable variance in companies' ability to successfully deploy environmental management projects. One important factor, according to articles in the academic and business press, is the ability of champions of sustainable supply chain management (SCM) projects within organizations to gain the commitment of colleagues (e.g., other managers from a variety of functions) to help these projects succeed. Therefore, this paper examines variables that affect a project champion's ability to gain this commitment from colleagues. In particular, building on existing research, this research employs a video‐based experimental design to examine the effect of the influence approach that the project champion employs, the values of the person the champion is trying to influence, and the organizational climate. The results suggest that organizational climate and certain individual values directly affect commitment. There are also interactions between values and influence tactics. The research adds to the field's growing knowledge on the antecedents of sustainable SCM within companies while providing valuable guidance for environmental champions and for top managers.     

Which accessible travel products are people with disabilities willing to pay more? A choice experiment

Despite the rapidly increasing number of tourists with disabilities, which is known to have a strong nexus with senior travel market, tourism industry has paid little attention to the distinctive preferences of these tourists for accessible travel products. Using a sample of Koreans with mobility disabilities, this study aims to better understand how they make decisions to choose optimal accessible travel products. The results of the choice experiment indicate that respondents place the heaviest weight on the accessibility of accommodation facilities for their maximization of travel satisfaction. The results also suggest that tourists with disabilities show higher willingness-to-pay values on particular tour buses equipped with more accessibility devices. Based on study findings, this study provides several management implications that help tourism professionals develop appropriate accessible travel products for their clientele with disabilities.