A multiproduct Symmetric Generalized McFadden cost function

This paper introduces a flexible multiproduct cost function that permits zero values of one or more of the outputs and can impose restrictions quite easily, if not automatically satisfied, to ensure global concavity property. It satisfies linear homogeneity (in prices) property and is flexible in the output space. Thus the function is ideal for estimating, for example, economies of scope, cost complementarity, product-specific returns to scale, etc., without worrying about zero values of output(s) and extrapolations to points far from the point of approximation. As an empirical application, we use panel data (1978–1985) on 12 Finnish foundry plants to estimate technical progress, overall returns to scale, product-specific returns to scale and economies of scope.     

中国货币政策传导有效性之实证分析

文章运用时间序列分析的方法,研究在中国人民银行间接调控货币政策的新时期,在中国资本市场规范成长的新阶段,中国货币政策传导到中国资本市场的渠道的有效性。实证结果表明:中国货币政策能够通过利率渠道、通货膨胀率渠道和货币供应量渠道有效地传导到中国资本市场。     

区域经济、社会发展的重要途径—府际关系视域下地方政府合作

随着区域经济一体化的发展和中央向地方的逐步放权,地方政府作为一个相对独立的地区利益主体的角色日益凸显。当今区域经济、社会发展过程中遇到的资源、环保、就业等诸多问题,需要通过地方政府的分析来解决。因此有必要强调要树立合作共赢的行政理念、完善地方政府合作的法律制度、建立地方政府合作协调机构等,以高效实现各级地方政府的行政目标,达到合作共赢的目的。     

当前世界经济格局中新兴经济体影响及中国定位研究

通过简述当前的世界经济格局及新兴经济体的发展情况,认为金融危机并没有从根本上改变20世纪90年代以来形成的“一超多强”的世界经济格局,但是西方发达经济体纷纷进入衰退期,世界经济重心将持续向新兴经济体转移。新兴经济体在经济上与发达国家的差距逐步缩小,作为世界经济中一股强大的力量,正推动世界经济格局发生着极为广泛和深刻的变化;其次阐述了新兴经济体对地区乃至整个世界经济格局的影响,挑战了西方发达国家在世界经济格局中的主导地位,推动了西方发达国家主导的世界经济运行机制变革;最后对中国在当前世界经济格局中的定位进行     

产业集聚一定能带来经济效率吗：规模效应与拥挤效应

规模效应与拥挤效应是产业集聚“一枚硬币的两面”,集聚也会导致集聚效应由规模效应向拥挤效应转变。本文利用１９９９～２００７年全国６０个工业城市数据,实证分析拥挤效应对全要素生产率的影响,证实了拐点的存在。通过运用门限模型发现２００３年是我国经济发展的拐点,进一步的面板回归表明２００３年及以前规模效应占主导,之后拥挤效应的约束性作用逐渐凸显,集聚度与全要素生产率存在着倒Ｕ型关系。本文的研究结论有着重要的政策启示：一是我国已经进入拥挤时期,鼓励先发地区向欠发地区产业转移有着必要性;二是就城镇化建设而言,在鼓励农村富余劳动力向城市转移过程中,缺乏要素激励的转移可能只会产生拥挤效应而不是规模效应。     

Estimating Value Creation from Revealed Preferences: Application to Value‐based Strategies

Research summary : We develop and apply a new set of empirical tools consistent with the tenets of value‐based business strategies, leveraging the principle that “no good deal comes undone” and the methods of revealed preferences, to empirically estimate drivers of value creation. We demonstrate how to use these tools in an analysis of value creation in buyer–supplier relationships in the UK corporate legal market. We show that our approach can uncover evidence of subtle mechanisms that traditional methods cannot easily distinguish from each other. Furthermore, we show how the estimates can be used as parameters of biform games for out‐of‐sample analyses of strategic decisions. With readily available data on relationships between firms, this approach can be applied to many other contexts of interest to strategy researchers. Managerial summary : Managers need to understand the drivers of value creation for customers in order to make competitive positioning decisions and understand when they can capture value under competition. However, estimates of the relative importance of each driver are typically difficult to obtain. In this article, we help remedy this problem by demonstrating a novel method that obtains estimates of the contribution of various drivers of value creation from commonly available data of buyer–supplier relationships. These estimates can then be used to inform the strategy‐making process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Impact of Frictions in Routine Execution on Economies of Scope

Research summary: Based on a detailed database of a beverages producer‐distributor that expanded its product variety by leveraging its logistic network, we show that product diversification generates economies of scope and also higher operational costs. The result is an inverted‐U relationship between variety and productivity: When the firm offers few additional categories, productivity grows, but as the number of categories rises, the costs of executing the operational routines increase rapidly and productivity falls. The negative effect on productivity increases if the added product category is more dissimilar to previous ones, and decreases with learning from operational experience. Our results highlight how frictions at the operational level can limit the benefits of diversification, even in the absence of other sources of diseconomies, such as increased coordination needs. Managerial summary: One of the prevalent reasons for companies to expand to adjacent product lines is attaining economies of scope. However, such growth strategy also generates operational frictions, even if the day‐to‐day routines do not appear to change at all. Product diversity is disruptive for routine execution, as it requires coordination and exception handling, and may ultimately overcome any efficiency obtained from growth. We estimate the relevance of such operational friction using data from a beverages distribution network. When product variety is low, additional categories do generate efficiency, but after reaching a given threshold, friction prevails. We find that operational friction increases when products are more dissimilar, but is attenuated when workers learn from their own and other's experience. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Networking responses to different levels of institutional void: A comparison of internationalizing SMEs in Egypt and the UK

This paper reports a comparative qualitative study of how decision-makers in internationalizing SMEs respond to relevant institutions in their domestic environment through networking activity. Twenty SMEs are compared respectively from a developing economy (Egypt) and a developed economy (UK). The two countries contrast both in the effectiveness of their institutional support for SMEs and in their cultural norms towards network relationships. Substantial differences are found between the two national samples in SME decision makers’ networking behaviour in response to specific institutional conditions. The links between institutional conditions, national cultural norms and SME networking responses are explicated in a new theoretical model.     

理性看待中国的“世界工厂”地位

中国制造业的高速发展和迅速崛起,为中国赢得了"世界工厂"的称号,而近年来频频爆发的"质量门"事件和全球贸易摩擦却使中国制造业危机重重。中国制造业"大而不强",在效率、效益、技术、品牌、成本等方面面临严重的发展瓶颈,离真正的"世界工厂"还相距甚远。为实现从制造大国向制造强国的转变,必须以国际金融危机的倒逼压力为契机,加速中国制造业的结构调整和转型升级,变"中国制造"为"中国创造"。     

人口结构变迁与经常账目失衡

世界范围内持续多年的经常账目失衡并不鲜见,以往研究多关注汇率和净出口的关系,而忽视了经常账目余额的另外一种属性——本国在外国的储蓄。本文尝试从人口结构变迁的角度对这一问题给出新的解释。本文通过构建包括幼年抚养比和老年抚养比的世代交替模型,理论分析和预测了：幼年抚养比上升会降低储蓄率、增加投资率,从而减少经常账目余额;而老年抚养比下降会提高储蓄率,增加经常账目余额;试图填补人口结构对经常账目影响的理论空白。接下来,本文利用1990年至2011年全球110个国家的强平衡面板数据进行实证分析,在静态和动态模型下均得到了与理论预测相一致的稳健结果。根据实证结果进行定量分析,本文发现中国抚养比的变化可以解释1990年至2007年间经常账目余额占GDP比重16.6%的变动。