要素空间优化、宏观经济增长与物价稳定

确保经济长期平稳增长和物价持续稳定往往是传统财政政策和货币政策难以兼顾的预期目标.经济事实,尤其是最近一年"过山车"式的国内外经济形势告诉人们,高通货膨胀压力与高经济增长、通货紧缩威胁与经济衰落总是如影随形.经济一旦衰落就很难恢复,高通胀预期一旦形成,就很难使其下降.由此形成了系列"两难"困境,并使宏观调控趋于无效或低效.为摆脱这种困境,文章从空间视角下提出空问优化理论.研究发现,在空间优化理论指导下,运用空间优化政策能解决这种"两难"问题.这将为宏观调控在运用财政政策和货币政策解决实际经济问题时,提供了崭新的政策选择.     

廊坊市消费需求与经济增长关系研究

在市场经济条件下,消费需求对国民经济的发展是相互促进、互为条件的。同时,不断增长的消费需求已成为影响投资、左右产业结构变动和刺激经济增长的重要因素。从消费需求入手,定量分析消费需求与经济增长的关系,并提出了扩大消费需求的对策。     

经济增长与收入分配互动机制研究综述

在梳理已有研究成果的基础上,文章分析了经济增长与收入分配之间的互动机制,并认为应该在保持对高收入人群和发达地区足够的激励下,通过财政转移支付、基础设施建设、引导资本流动、加强教育和人力资本投资等措施,实现向兼顾公平的增长战略转变,并强化利益扩散的积极作用。     

当前宏观经济形势分析及政策建议

由于美国次债问题的不断恶化和我国南方地区低温雨雪冰冻灾害的发生,2008年初以来,国际、国内经济形势发生了较大的变化。从国内情况看,我国经济增速面临下降趋势,出口增速下滑,就业仍然面临较大压力,物价涨幅将继续保持较高水平。因此,有关部门应科学预测世界经济走势及其对我国的影响,正确把握宏观调控的节奏和力度。在采取有力措施防止价格总水平过快上涨和经济增长由偏快转为过热的同时,也要防止经济出现“硬着陆”。     

Exploiting Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Growth

Knowledge is recognized as an important ingredient for economic growth in addition to physical capital and labor. While transforming knowledge into products and processes it is exploited commercially. Nevertheless, the existing knowledge stock and the absorptive capacity of actors like employees at firms and researchers at universities and research institutions are conditional for the ability to produce, identify, and exploit knowledge. Since incumbent firms do not exploit new knowledge to the full extent, realized entrepreneurial opportunities may arise. This paper tests the hypothesis whether or not entrepreneurship is an important vehicle for knowledge flows and economic growth. The empirical results indicate that an increase in innovative start-up activity is more effective than an increase in general entrepreneurship for economic growth.      

Ekistics,ecumenopolis and the wilderness

In this paper, threats to the world's wilderness areas are reviewed. The author argues for a global approach to this encroachment, so that countries struggling against adverse social and economic conditions are not forced to pay the price of mistakes made due to genuine ignorance or the greed of the more advanced nations. A classification of wilderness areas is given, and the threats facing them are outlined. The author then moves on to explain how ekistics, the science of human settlments, can be applied to the problem. In this way, he suggests, man's need to develop and the environment's need for protection can be united. The paper concludes with a plea for a multi-disciplinary approach and, more important, a general awareness that all environmental issues are related.     

“Ideas” driven growth: the OECD evidence

This paper estimates the parameters of the ideas production function crucial to recent ideas-driven growth models. Using U. S. patents granted to residents in OECD countries to generate the stock of commercially used ideas, we provide evidence for two main findings. First, at the level of the production of ideas, we find evidence of increasing returns to scale in the stock of ideas and number of researchers, but marginal decreasing returns in each one of these factors. Second, we provide evidence of the association between ideas growth and economic growth for the OECD as a whole in the long run.JEL Classification: 031, 040The author would like to thank the helpful comments made by two anonymous referees, and by the editor, of the PEJ. The helpful discussions with Professor Mário Rui Silva are grateful acknowledged, too.     

The influence of residential segregation and its correlates on ethnic enterprise in urban areas

I develop and estimate a model of potential to enter self-employment based on individual and community-level factors. Of particular interest was the influence of racial residential segregation processes, and segregation's tendency to concentrate persons with similar demographic profiles in geographic space. It has been argued that segregation processes can also concentrate poverty and its associated social dislocations. An analysis of a database of 8917 households in four U.S. metropolitan areas revealed that two residential segregation processes (clustering and interaction) limit and enhance potential entry into self-employment for blacks, and provides a partial explanation for the longstanding gaps in white and black self-employment rates.