Management and Business Research on Commercial Diplomacy: Examining Trends and Themes

This article reviews the literature of commercial diplomacy during the period 1960–2014 from a management angle and is organized around four major themes: (1) government’s export/trade promotion function; (2) institutional/organizational arrangements; (3) managerial roles and activities; and (4) interaction between commercial diplomats and businesses. A complementary quantitative analysis tracing current research trends reveals the emergence of relevant publications at the end of the 1970s and a real increase after 2000. It also confirms the relative scarcity of commercial diplomacy literature focusing on the business and management dimension. Gaps in current literature are identified, and suggestions for further research are presented.     

Young people with intellectual disabilities and sport as a leisure activity: notions from the Finnish welfare society

Although disability sports have recently received positive attention, little concern has been directed towards them in youth research. In this article, we discuss the free-time sports in which youth with intellectual disabilities engage as a part of their leisure and their association with their peers. We maintain that every young person has a principal right to leisure and question what kinds of access youth with intellectual disabilities have to local sports communities in the Finnish context. Our empirical data consist of notes collected during sports training; interviews with young sports participants, their supervisors, and their parents; and online survey responses. Almost all sports are equally accessible to everyone; however, practical engagement in sports is not equally easy for everyone because long distances, lack of transportation, unsuitable sporting occasions and teams, or incapable coaches limit individuals’ participation possibilities. Furthermore, symbolic structures, such as neglectful attitudes, restrict the visibility of youth with intellectual disabilities in leisure sports. In many ways, supporting networks become significant when access to sport is under scrutiny. The most important enabling and restricting factors are families’ symbolic and material capital, as well as the unequal, poorly guided, and occasional leisure possibilities in different localities.     

城乡整体生长空间的规划建设策略

提出城乡整体生长空间的规划理念,以此来指导城乡空间的整合.同时强调,城乡空间的整合,不仅仅是城乡空间资源的共享和空间发展上的协调,还应注重城乡生态系统的互补与整体保护,注重城乡经济的共同繁荣、社会的共同进步,并为此从规划建设策略上进行了探索.     

个性特征、劳动契约与员工劳动关系满意度--基于广州市花都区部分员工的问卷调查分析

基于广州市花都区部分企业员工的调查数据,通过探索性因子分析及验证性因子分析发现,员工劳动关系满意度由工资福利、工作特性与氛围和社会环境与服务三个维度构成。签订短期劳动契约的员工对工资福利的满意度最高,签订中长期劳动契约的员工对工作特性与氛围、社会环境与服务的满意度最高。年龄越大,其劳动关系满意度越高;劳动者工作转换次数与其劳动关系满意度呈负相关。由此,应该积极推进劳动契约全覆盖并鼓励企业与员工签订中长期劳动契约;严格工资管理,维护职工权益;强化职业认同,减少员工工作转换频率。     

论私营企业产权制度变迁的实现机制

产权制度是社会发展的主要动力之一,它决定着社会如何组织生产和进行分配,因此,规范而有效率的产权制度是现代经济发展的基石。如何建立起高效的产权制度,是我国私营企业在发展过程中应该考虑的核心问题。本文对我国私营企业产权制度变迁及实现机制进行了系统分析。     

试论构建非公企业和谐劳动关系

在公有制为主体的条件下发展非公有制经济,是社会主义初级阶段生产力发展的客观要求.但是,在现实劳动关系中,非公企业不法经营、欺压劳工相当普遍,克扣、拖欠工资并造成企业员工的合法权益受侵犯的问题在某些地方还相当严重.在激烈的市场竞争中,是否构建和谐劳动关系,直接关系非公企业核心竞争力以及自身的生存与发展.构建非公企业和谐劳动关系,对于非公企业实现法治管理,以及发挥行业自律作用都有推进作用.非公企业劳动关系和谐模式的构建,可以划分为精神层、制度层和物质层.应从以下方面把握:建设和谐文化,培育和谐精神;诚实守信,不为欺诈行为;符合利益相关者的利益,实行民主管理;管理者与被管理之间相互尊重,以人为本;依靠和谐理念,增强管理的非权力影响.     

Sustainable Purchasing in Food Retailing: Interorganizational Relationship Management to Green Product Supply

Stakeholders’ demands for product sustainability redefine the focus of corporate purchasing strategies from the traditional concern with financial performance to considerations of ‘triple bottom line’ viability. This adds to the complexity of managing interorganizational relationships and poses a question regarding corporate ability to effectively leverage suppliers over environmental and social performance of supplied goods. Since it is not clear what type of purchasing relationship is more favorable for greening a product supply, the current paper aims to investigate how food retailers manage their relationships with suppliers in order to influence the environmental and social performance of procured goods and improve the availability of sustainably produced supply. The research is based on two case studies of Swedish supermarkets and supplementary semi‐structured interviews with Swedish, British and Danish supermarkets. The results of the study contribute to the existing body of academic knowledge in the field of sustainable supply chain management by developing a typology of sustainable purchasing relationships with detailed insights into the nature of collaborative practices, structure of incentives, sustainability ambition, and approaches to verification of compliance. The study has also revealed the dependence of sustainable purchasing relationships on the characteristics of the procurement context, namely the presence of well‐established sustainability certification schemes, perceived by purchaser's situation with availability of sustainability certified supply and purchaser's interpretation of the state of power dependence in relationships with suppliers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

A strict expected multi-utility theorem

This paper integrates two key approaches to the representation of incomplete preferences over lotteries. The main result strengthens the conclusion of the expected multi-utility theorem in Dubra, Maccheroni, and Ok (2004) by ensuring that all utility indices involved are Aumann utilities (i.e., yield a strictly increasing expectation). The advantages of the method are demonstrated by parametrizing maximal elements and by providing a novel characterization of Aumann utilities.     

Cooperation In R&D With Spillovers And Delegation Of Sales ∗

Cooperation in several phases of the innovation process is viewed by antitrust authorities with suspicion. They face the dilemma between providing the right incentives for the appro-priability of returns to R&D and the risks of diminishing product market competition. The current legislation in the European Union and the United States gives special treatment to cooperation in R&D and the joint exploitation of results (extended cooperation).

We study several collusive regimes for a class of examples in which vertical relations are explicitly introduced. Regarding antitrust policy implications we fmd that: a) there is an ana-lytical justification to a ‘rule of reason’ treatment for extended cooperation in research joint ventures and, b) individual exemptions, though restrictive of competition, might be welfare improving.     

浅谈组织中的公务关系与私人关系

在我国,大部分组织都面临着处理公务关系与私人关系的问题。本文从公务关系与私人关系的含义入手,进而指出了组织中公务关系与私人关系的理想与现实,在对这一问题进行有益探讨后,提出了正确处理组织中公务关系与私人关系的措施,旨在促进组织中的公务关系与私人关系的和谐发展。