国际水法发展概述

介绍了国际水法的概念,回顾了国际水法的发展阶段,归纳分析了国际水法水权理论的发展,阐述了国际水法的发展方向,指出开展跨界水资源方面的合作,实现水资源可持续利用和发展是今后国际水法发展的主要方向。     

江苏省赣榆县灌区农民用水者协会管理模式探讨

针对当前农村灌区用水水费管理混乱的问题,以江苏省赣榆县灌区用水农民用水者协会管理模式实践为例,介绍当前灌区用水农民用水者协会管理模式现状及试行该模式后取得的主要成效,对水费收缴方式、水价改革、用水管理模式作了初步探索,分析制约协会管理模式发展的主要因素,对其可持续发展前景进行了展望并提出相应建议。     

Environmental protection and management: A water pollution case study within the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area,Australia

The Grose River is contained almost entirely within a World Heritage Area. While sewage pollution in the area has been addressed, pollution at damaging levels continues from a disused coal mine, closed in 1997. Despite some surface rehabilitation, no action has occurred to remediate zinc polluted waters emanating from the mine. We examine the historical regulation and management of the Australian Commonwealth and New South Wales governments and highlight gaps in both regulatory systems. We conclude that there is an urgent need to improve regulation of water pollution, mining and management of the environment in highly valued world heritage areas.     

南水北调中线工程几点思考

本文从四个方面对南水北调中线工程进行了思考:①进行费用效益分析可以使决策更加科学化;②将水资源本身价值纳入经济分析之中实属必要;③需水区节水与调水投资效益比较十分重要;④选择合适的调水时间.对南水北调中线工程决策具有参考价值.     

Inter-basin water transfers under uncertainty: Storage capacity and optimal guaranteed deliveries

This paper deals with water transfers between jurisdictions not claiming riparian rights to the same water source, and taking place through straightforward sales. Taking into account the uncertain nature of water surpluses, we investigate, within a partial equilibrium framework, the implications of a third party's provision of storing facilities upon the potential supplier's decision whether, and to what extent, it is worthwhile to guarantee a constant amount of water exports. The analysis suggests that there exists a minimum storage capacity below which the potential supplier will never find it profitable to divert a constant amount of water outside his boundaries; the greater the uncertainty about future surpluses and/or internal costs due to even occasional water shortages resulting from the water export commitment, the higher the required minimum storage capacity will be. Above this minimum, an increase in the capacity would be better for the surplus agent, but in a situation in which water surplus is expected to decrease over time, increases in storage capacity would make him willing to guarantee a smaller amount of water deliveries.This work has been carried out under the auspices of the European Science Foundation's research program Sharing fresh water resources in the Mediterranean region: An economic perspective. Previous versions have been presented at ESF workshops held at the Universities of Haifa, Padova and Crete. Financial support from MURST (funds 40% — 1992) is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Nunzio Cappuccio, Haluk Akdogan, Karl Mäler, Mordechai Shechter, Naomi Zeitouni, and two anonimous referees for helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.     

析生态城市水休闲旅游环境承载力评价——以扬州古运河风景区为例

水休闲旅游是城市规划中的新兴主题,而水休闲旅游本身的规划模式和经营水平直接影响城市发展的生态循环程度。旅游活动的发展势必造成对城市水域空间环境质量的影响,空间旅游环境的承载力研究也成为旅游规划的重要前提。本文以扬州古运河风景区为例,在分析景区地理资源和旅游经济条件的基础上构建水休闲旅游环境承载力测算指标,并利用木桶综合推测法计算出风景区水休闲旅游环境综合承载力,为生态循环型城市水休闲旅游规划步骤中的开发条件评价提供合理依据。     

法国、英国的水务管理模式

对水资源等稀缺自然资源的合理利用和有效管理是可持续发展的重要前提.合理利用和有效管理自然资源在很大程度上有赖于相关的法律制度和科学管理模式的构建.欧盟国家以市场为基础,配置以法律和行政的手段,建立了行之有效的水法体系和现代水务管理模式.通过对法国和英国水务管理的实证研究,从立法和管理的角度解析欧盟国家现代水务管理模式,有助于中国城市化进程中现代化的水务管理理念、综合化的水资源管理、市场化的公共服务以及法制化的社会监管等的建立.     

Water accounting for the Orange River Basin: An economic perspective on managing a transboundary resource

The framework for water accounting is applied to an international river basin, the Orange River Basin, which is shared among Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and South Africa. Each of the riparian states faces water constraints and relies increasingly on shared international water resources. The countries have adopted the principle of an economic approach to water management, once basin human needs are met, and all but Lesotho have constructed national water accounts to assist in water management. The water accounts for the Orange River Basin bring an economic perspective to water management at the regional level. The accounts include supply and use tables, which are used to compare the contribution to water supply from each riparian state to the amount used. The water accounts are then linked to economic data for each country to calculate water use and productivity by industry and country. There are considerable disparities in water productivity among the countries, which should be taken into account in future decisions about water allocation, pricing and infrastructure development.     

论建立塔里木河流域配水机制的必要性

通过塔里木河流域水资源开发利用现状的分析,设计建立流域配水机制,以期合理分配水资源,维护流域生态平衡,实现流域内水资源永续利用和农业可持续发展。