“感物说”与“摹仿说”之比较

"感物说"和"摹仿说"分别是中西关于文学艺术发生的理论学说,并且都各自对其后代文学艺术的发展产生了深刻的影响。两者都反映了文学与自然、社会之间有着不可分割的联系。我们不能忽视两者的确存在着更为根本的差异。"感物说"强调的是主客观的融合,而"摹仿说"则强调主客观的分离,这和中西方"天人合一"和"二元对立"的认知模式有很大的联系。     

产权性质、技术差距与高技术企业创新效率

基于两阶段价值链视角,将产权性质纳入企业创新研究框架,利用共同前沿理论和DEA模型测度分析2007-2016年两种前沿下中国区域不同性质企业创新效率差异,探索不同性质企业两阶段技术差距及其影响因素,结果表明：①中国各省份不同性质企业效率差异明显,国有企业研发和成果转化效率最低,而外资企业效率较高,各企业成果转化效率递减趋势明显,共同前沿下效率值均不超过群组前沿下效率值;②国有、民营等四大群组间在两阶段均存在明显的技术落差,成果转化阶段国有-港澳台、国有-外资之间的技术差距均值分别为0.124和0.110,且技术差距值在不断增大,2016年接近于0.300;③所有制结构加剧了国企与其它企业间技术差距,政府支持、劳动者素质对国有-民营、国有-外资企业两阶段技术差距起阻滞作用,产学研合作、知识产权保护、金融环境和外商投资对3种技术差距分别产生不同程度的影响。     

Improving firm positioning through enhanced offerings and buyer-seller relationships

We analyze the strategic repositioning of firms through changes in their market offerings and buyer-seller relationships. Based on literature from strategy, marketing, economics, and information systems, we formulate a two-by-two matrix to examine alternatives for positioning. We evaluate the framework with four case studies of companies that have recently moved toward more complete product/service offerings and stronger relational linkages with customers. These moves followed two different paths. The product/service path initially focused on the development of new and related products, product bundles, and the addition of product-related services. The relational path first focused on establishing closer relationships with customers including closer operational linkages, enhanced information sharing, more fully articulated legal and contractual obligations, and enhanced cooperation. In all the cases, the strategic repositioning was influenced by customer needs and enabled by information technology and the acquisition of new competencies through networking.     

资本流入、外汇储备非均衡增长对我国外汇政策的影响

本文解释了外汇储备非均衡的概念,采用1999年1月～2005年6月的月度数据,对我国外汇储备增长的原因作协整分析,测算人民币升值预期下流入我国的非FDI 资本数额,证明过度资本流入引起我国外汇储备的非均衡增长。在此基础上,运用成本- 收益分析指出我国目前外汇储备的持有水平虽然没有超出适度区间,但已明显偏高,进而提出外汇储备管理的“适度性”、“合理性”和“稳定性”原则。     

广东象头山自然保护区分区及土地利用规划

通过对象头山自然保护区土地现状的分析,提出了保护区分规划方案及实验区多种经营、科学教育、生态旅游和绿化美化等措施。     

高黎贡山国家自然保护区生态旅游开发初探

本文介绍了生态旅游的概念,特点及起源,分析了高黎贡山自然资源旅游资源情况,指出保护区生态旅游开发的原则,并针对旅游开发中存在的问题提出了建议。     

自然保护区可持续发展的必由之路—发展生态旅游

从对自然保护区界定和生态本质分析入手,讨论了自然保护区开展生态旅游的条件和正负影响,提出了自然保护区生态旅游可持续发展的对策。     

Standard Chartered：Is China Ready？

＂Despite the slowdown in the U.S. economy and the different global impacts stemming from the turmoil,＂ said David Leung, Chief Investment Officer of Standard Chartered China, ＂Emerging markets like China have still maintained healthy growth.＂     

Funding ecological restoration policy in practice—patterns of short-termism and regional biases

With continuous degradation of ecosystems combined with the recognition of human dependence on functioning ecosystems, global interest in ecological restoration (ER) has intensified. From being merely a nature conservation measure, it is today advanced as a way to improve ecosystem functions, mitigate biodiversity loss and climate change, as well as renew human–nature relationships. However, ER is a contested and diversified term used in research, policy and practice. Substantive public funding is allocated towards this end worldwide, but little is known about its concrete purpose and coverage, as well as what decides its allocation. With inspiration from environmental funding literature we analyze the case of Sweden to provide the first national overview of public ER funding. The understudied political context of ER is thus addressed but also regional variation in funding allocation. A database of all national government funding programs between 1995 and 2011 that included projects and sub-programs aiming at practical ER measures was created. Results show that ER activities counted for 11% (130 million USD) of the total government nature conservation funding. Water environments were highly prioritized, which can be explained by economic and recreational motives behind ER. The ER funding was unevenly distributed geographically, not related to either environmental need or population size, but rather to regional administrative capacity. It was also found to be small scale and short term, and hence part of a general trend of “project proliferation’’ of public administration which runs contrary to ecosystem based management. As ER is not yet a long-term investment in Sweden, commonly seen as an environmental lead state, we expect even less and more short-term ER funding in other countries.     

美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击对中国金融市场的影响及应对——资产价格视角的零利率下限时期与常态化时期比较

在新发展格局下,金融市场的高质量发展不能忽视外部因素的影响。美联储的货币政策调整会对中国金融市场产生怎样的影响,现有文献的研究还不够充分全面,尤其缺乏对于零利率下限时期与常态化时期的比较分析。本文认为,美联储实施紧缩性货币政策将缩小中美两国利差,促使中国的资本外流加剧,并导致实际利率水平和企业融资成本增加,进而带来资产价格下跌,对中国金融市场产生负面影响。2008年全球金融危机以及2020年新冠疫情之后,美联储不断下调联邦基金利率,使其面临零利率下限约束,此时实施紧缩性货币政策对中国金融市场的影响可能会与常态化时期有所区别。基于2002年1月至2021年7月中国宏观经济和金融98个变量的月度数据,采用Wu-Xia联邦基金影子利率（Wu-Xia Shadow Federal Funds Rate）来度量零利率下限时期的美联储货币政策立场,运用因子扩张型向量自回归模型（FAVAR）从资产价格角度分析美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击对中国金融市场的影响,结果显示：总体上看,美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击会通过利率渠道对中国资产价格产生负面影响,且该负面影响具有时滞性;人民币汇率调整具有补偿效应,即可以通过人民币贬值减轻资本外流的压力,进而削弱美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击对中国资产价格的负面影响;在零利率下限时期,美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击对中国资产价格的负面影响比常态化时期更为显著。相比现有文献,本文主要进行了如下改进和拓展：一是采用Wu-Xia联邦基金影子利率度量零利率下限时期美联储的货币政策立场,避免因采用联邦基金利率而低估其负面影响;二是运用FAVAR模型缓解VAR模型及TVP-VAR模型的遗漏变量偏误问题,并为识别结构冲击提供足够丰富的信息;三是对零利率下限时期与常态化时期进行比较分析,有利于更好地把握美联储货币政策冲击对中国金融市场的时变影响。为更好地应对美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击对中国金融市场和宏观经济造成的负面影响,需要深入分析和把握美联储货币政策动向发生改变的原因和本质,在坚持货币政策“以我为主”的同时,密切关注和警惕美联储紧缩性货币政策冲击可能产生的负面影响,并不断深化人民币汇率改革,保证人民币汇率弹性适度和调整空间充足。