Collective agri-environment schemes: How can regional environmental cooperatives enhance farmers’ intentions for agri-environment schemes?

The effectiveness of agri-environment schemes (AES) in enhancing biodiversity on farmland and creating a long-lasting change in farmers’ motivation towards a more environmental-friendly practice is still strongly debated. Applying a regional approach has been advocated widely to make AES more ecologically and socially sustainable. In the Netherlands, some AES are performed collectively by large regional groups of farmers called Environmental Cooperatives (EC). We hypothesise that these cooperatives enhance farmers’ intention to participate by facilitating the application of AES, but also by generating group pressure. In the study at hand, we used an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to investigate which factors are associated with farmers’ intention to participate in two kinds of collective AES (ditch bank management and the protection of meadow birds). Our results demonstrate that attitude and perceived personal ability to participate in these AES are associated with the intention of farmers to participate in ditch bank management. However, for the protection of meadow birds, social pressure, self-identity and facilitation by the EC also relate to the intention of farmers. We conclude that the facilitation undertaken by ECs positively relates to farmers’ intention to participate in collective AES.     

The valuation of subsidies in kind and their effects on costs

This study focuses on the effects of subsidies in kind on cost minimizing behavior and the resulting estimates of costs. It is shown that subsidies in kind may distort the usual equilibrium conditions and cost-output relationships among firms in the same industry. Even if they do not, the value of subsidized inputs to the firm, in terms of reduced costs, may differ from its market value. Methods are developed to cope with both problems, and estimations of the value and importance of subsidies in kind to the credit union industry are performed.     

产权性质、第一大股东与代理成本

通过分析产权性质、第一大股东持股比例与代理成本之间的关系,实证研究结果发现产权性质对于代理成本有着显著影响,其中国有企业与非国有企业相比,代理成本显著较低。在此基础上,分别研究了第一大股东持股比例对于代理成本的影响,结论显示在国有企业中,无论使用营业管理费用率还是资产周转率作为代理变量,第一大股东持股比例均与代理成本负相关,而非国有企业仅在以资产周转率为代理变量时有着显著的负相关关系。     

中小型高科技企业成长性因素耦合机理分析

从成长性角度研究中小型高科技企业成长问题,首先分析了中小型高科技企业成长性的构成因素:企业竞争力、企业成长潜力和环境支持力,在此基础上,进一步分析研究了成长性构成因素之间的关系和耦合机理.     

高速增长的GDP与增长中的隐忧

通过对中国高速经济增长过程中凸显出的隐忧问题分析,强调指出这些隐忧问题将可能导致的不良后果,以期引发人们去理性地认识高速增长的GDP与增长中的隐忧问题,进而积极探讨应对措施,以保证国民经济持续高速发展。     

征收森林生态效益补偿费的探讨——以卧龙自然保护区分析为例

本文研究了森林生态效益补偿费的理论基础和法律依据。并根据卧龙自然保护区的实际,提出了森林生态效益补偿费的征收范围、标准及社会承受能力。     

经济利益论:财务会计本质的再认识

本文首先分析了会计本质在会计理论体系中的重要地位,指出了现有观点存在的缺陷。运用经济学的核心是经济利益的研究成果,从会计的产生和发展及会计对象、会计方法等方面论证了财务会计本质是一个经济利益的计量与报告系统。     

自然保护区生态教育及其实施对策

本文分析了我国自然保护区开展生态教育的目的和意义，探讨了我国自然保护区生态教育活动的基本发展方向，并就我国自然保护区生态教育的具体组织形式、实施步骤及相关对策等提出了有建设性的建议和措施。     

Auctions with Financial Externalities

We study auctions with financial externalities, i.e., auctions in which losers care about how much the winner pays. In the first-price auction, larger financial externalities result in a lower expected price; in the second-price auction, the effect is ambiguous. Although the expected price in the second-price auction may increase if financial externalities increase, the seller is not able to gain more revenue by guaranteeing the losers a fraction of the auction revenue. With a reserve price, we find that both auctions may have pooling at the reserve price. This finding suggests that identical bids need not be a signal of collusion, in contrast to what is sometimes argued in anti-trust cases. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO 510.010.501 and NWO-VICI 453.03.606). For valuable discussions and comments, we would like to thank Eric van Damme, Jacob Goeree, Thomas Kittsteiner, Marta Kolodziejczyk, seminar participants at Tilburg University, Humboldt University Berlin, and National University of Singapore, and audiences at ESEM 2001 in Lausanne, and the FEEM 2002 conference in Milan on auctions and market design. The suggestions of an anonymous referee of this Journal greatly improved the article. The usual disclaimer applies.     

中国自然保护重要历史文物——福建天宝岩禁碑的发现与科学价值

中国古代文化具有朴素的自然保护观,禁约文化和禁碑在历史上对自然资源的保护曾起到过重要作用。2002年,在福建天宝岩国家级自然保护区发现了反映中国自然保护史的重要文物——三块文字完整的清朝禁碑。通过对碑文文字的辨识和解读,我们发现禁碑的主要内容除了严禁采伐竹木、保护好森林外,还包含着许多规范乡民生产、生活方式的内容,而且具备了比较全面的就地保护的管理办法,从中可以看出我国最早的自然保护区的雏形。文章讨论了禁碑对于自然保护的历史意义,指出它们对于塑造和保持群众的自然保护观念以及协调自然保护与生产生活的关系等方面具有重要作用,对于研究自然保护区的管理和立法具有重要的科学价值,对于在当前保护区管理中做好社区宣传、联防、共建管理等方面的工作也有很强的借鉴意义。