就业增长导向的美联储复苏政策——美联储经济复苏政策逻辑评析

本轮美国经济衰退被认为是自20世纪"大萧条"以来最严重的衰退,衰退后就业复苏迟缓,就业远未回到正常水平。建筑业就业改善迟缓拖累了整体就业复苏。尽管美国就业市场面临重大挑战,但就业增长疲弱的主因是周期性的而不是结构性的,这意味着可以通过货币政策来解决就业问题。美联储的复苏政策是以刺激就业增长为导向的,在中短期通货膨胀预期低于长期目标值的情况下,美联储采取了较为激进的非常规政策以刺激就业增长。     

企业管理中人性的"钟摆效应"与"正态分布性"分析

企业管理中人的思维和行为在某种程度上遵循着“钟摆效应”和“正态分布性”。人是有限理性的人，人的知识和智慧的稀缺性导致了人在思维和行为上总是试图在左右摇摆中寻找到实现自身意愿的有效途径和平衡点。人性是复杂且多变的，但人性的复杂变化有一定规律可寻，一般而言，个体的人性遵循着“钟摆效应”，群体的人性遵循着“正态分布性”。企业管理者要善于把握企业中人性的变化规律，以此来提高企业管理的能力和激励水平，从而达到较好的管理效果和目的。     

Analysis of China’s Foreign Trade Growth and Discussion of Related Policies

I. Analysis of Factors in the Growth of Import and Export TradeAccording to Customsstatistics,China’s import and export tradereached US$620.8 billionin 2002,growing by 21.8 percent, with imports growing by 21.2 percentand exports by 22.4 percent. Such growth reached as high as 37.1 percent in 2003, with the total volumereachingUS$851.2 billion,withimportsgrowingby39.9percentandexportsby 34.6percent.In the firstthree quartersof 2004, the total value of import and export tradehit US$828.5…     

国防生担任高校学生军训教官的探索

学生军训工作全面开展以来,出现了许多新情况、新问题.特别是近年来我国高校不断扩大招生规模,学生军训任务越来越重.随着军队编制体制调整,部队的承训能力也面临着巨大的压力.国防生,作为部队的后备干部,具备较强的军政素养争组织管理能力.采取国防生担任军训教官,既缓解了参训部队人员不足的压力,又给国防生提供了难得的实践锻炼机会,可谓一举多得.     

Property rights and ecosystem properties

For almost two decades, institutional analysts have been struggling to distinguish clearly between institutional factors like property rights and the properties of the resources that are governed by such institutional arrangements. Institutions are regarded as man-made social constructions that regulate the relations between humans themselves with regard to the use of certain resources, while the biophysical attributes of a particular resource are considered given and unaffected by the institutional arrangements. This paper takes this distinction as a point of departure and takes a closer look at the complexities introduced into institutional analysis with the advance of new paradigms for governing resources—such as governing by environmental objectives and indicators, biodiversity governance, adaptive ecosystem management, etc.—and points to some of the institutional changes that this involves. In doing so, it re-examines some of the dichotomous conventions regarding the ‘nature of goods’ in light of increased attention given to ecosystem properties.     

Identifying successful versus unsuccessful loans held by the minority small business clients of an OMBE affiliate

Successful and unsuccessful loans to minority small businessmen are discriminated using applicant demographic and firm characteristic variables available at the time of application for 65 firms in Cleveland, Ohio. The businessmen studied are the clients of an affiliate of the Office of Minority Business Enterprise and represent a unique segment of the small business community, which has proven to be particularly success resistant. A set of demographic and firm variables are identified that are associated with loan success and can be used to construct a profile of preferred loan applicants. The relative importance of the different variables in discriminating between the two groups of loans and their combined explanatory power is reported.     

车八岭国家级自然保护区生态旅游形象设计与塑造

自然保护区开展生态旅游的成功,不仅有赖于资源的适度开发、产品的合理配置以及强有力的营销手段,还必须辅以成功的形象策划。根据车八岭自然保护区的生态旅游发展现状和资源特色,从理念形象、视觉形象、听觉形象、行为识别、形象传递等方面就车八岭生态旅游形象设计与塑造方面进行探讨。     

自然在现代室内空间中的表现趋势

自然是一切分析原则的源泉，其动态发展的历程，为设计提供着形式的创新、欣赏的快感与文化的传承同时，室内空间中对自然的表现形式也在不断发展，正如美国建筑理论家詹克斯在《动荡世界中的建筑》所言，建筑界正在“回归不同的自然”     

Household composition and the importance of experience attributes of nature based tourism activity products – A Norwegian case study of outdoor recreationists

This study examines the relationship between household composition and the consumption of nature based tourism products by analysing the results of a survey among members from two of Norway’s largest outdoor recreation NGOs. Survey respondents were categorised into five main household types, namely: nuclear family, single parent, couples without children, single, and adults living together. These five main household types were then further divided into 19 age-based subgroups. Four key experience attributes connected to nature based tourism activities were identified, namely: Risk/challenge, Facilitation, Learning and Family/children friendly. This study reveals differences between household types in terms of the importance of the experience attributes sought from nature based tourism activity products. The tourism sector needs to be aware of variations in the key experience attributes different household types seek and to adapt to the process of changes in household structures in post-industrialised societies.     

美国第二轮量化宽松政策实效分析

本文对美国第二轮量化宽松政策实效进行分析,认为总体上该政策取得了一定的成效,表现在一些部门投资扩大,耐用消费品支出增加,股市出现价格指数上升趋势。但是,房地产市场复苏缓慢,建筑投资依然低迷;工薪收入增额下降和较高失业率的存在,以及对未来经济前景的信心不足,使得个人消费支出难以迅速扩大。此外,该政策推动了国家债务规模进一步扩大,政府信用等级下降,投资者风险增大,这些因素反过来进一步使得投资者信心不足,就业岗位创造艰难,GDP增长疲软。该政策虽使金融市场流动性增加,但促进投资、刺激消费的两大目标并未充分实现。