雄安新区科技服务业集群构建的战略思考

超前布局科技服务业集群,是雄安新区落实高端高新产业定位、加快建设创新驱动发展引领区的有效途径。立足雄安新区发展对科技服务业集群的需求,围绕高端高新产业链与科技服务业产业链的融合发展,构建科技服务业集群系统的结构框架,剖析集群的功能定位、内生机制和外部影响因素,提出了雄安新区科技服务业集群的“培育集群内核、拓展产业链条、衍生创新网络”三阶段衍生路径,为政府加快构建科技服务业集群提供决策依据。     

从单一到多元 从制造到服务——鲁尔转型之路

作为曾经的世界城市,通过几十年的努力,鲁尔区成功实现了产业结构从单一到多元,从制造到服务的转型,从煤炭及钢铁制造中心转变为以传统工业为基础,高新技术产业为龙头,产业协调发展的多元化综合经济区。在转型过程中鲁尔区先后采用了再工业化和新工业化的产业结构调整战略,结合自身基础,采取了合理选择新的主导产业、体制创新等一系列措施。虽然鲁尔区在政府和体制环境等方面与中国的城市存在着许多差异,但其转型经验对中国城市的发展特别是老工业基地的改造和升级具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

事件经济:城市转型的发动机

面对农民工的返乡潮,可持续发展的压力,后工业社会的如期而至,城市如何实现华丽转身,从容器变为磁体,成为上海及许多城市发展的课题。文章从加拿大蒙特利尔市和意大利布雷西亚等城市利用事件经济实现城市转型的实证出发,结合城市发展与事件经济的关系梳理,探讨了事件经济对城市转型的作用模式,以上海为例,提出了利用事件经济、重视自组织事件发展、聚集创意人才来发动城市转型的具体建议。     

田园·生态·城乡绿化融合发展——以许昌城乡统筹发展推进区生态绿地系统规划为例

在城乡一体化发展的新阶段,按照统筹城乡发展和社会主义新农村建设的战略部署,许昌市城乡统筹发展推进区生态绿地系统规划坚持区域整体发展、可持续发展、田园城市等的规划理念,按照<许昌市城乡统筹发展推进区总体规划>所确定的组团式空间布局和紧凑型节点走廊发展模式,以双向思维的方式,充分利用本土景观空间形态,以农田、河流、花木基地等生态因子为组成要素,对各类资源加以保护、开发,构成城乡空间的绿心、绿带、绿道,形成绿色生态网络,与许昌市中心城区、长葛市区一起,形成连续的连接城乡、形态丰富、功能互补、有机融合的城乡生态绿地系统.在区域层次上进行大地园林化探索,为城市化发展新时期的城乡绿色空间规划建设进行有益的尝试.     

从区位商视角论证构建城镇群的意义——以珠三角、大珠三角和泛珠三角区域为例

随着全球化和区域经济一体化的迅速发展,通过构建城镇群等城市联盟增强区域整体实力已成为提升城市竞争力积极有效的手段。从二十世纪九十年代初期起,先后形成的珠三角、大珠三角和泛珠三角城镇群,通过城市间的资源互补和优势扩散,带动区域整体水平,取得了跨越式发展。本文通过对珠三角、大珠三角和泛珠三角地区不同层次下各城市及区域主要产业就业人口区位商的计算比较,揭示了珠三角区域在制造业方面,大珠三角区域在生产性服务业方面及泛珠三角区域在生活性服务业方面的竞争优势,体现了不同层次城镇群内各行业的竞争发展趋势,由此验证了建立不同层次城镇群的必要性和竞争优势,为区域合作的政策措施提供一定的理论依据。     

大都市郊区小城镇的经济地域类型及其空间分异探析——以北京市为例

本文致力于探析京郊小城镇的经济地域类型及其发展的动力机制,综合运用了H.J.纳尔逊的城镇职能分类方法和区位商法,从三次产业的产值结构和从业结构出发,将京郊183个小城镇划分为四大类型。基于GIS的空间分析功能,进一步探讨了京郊四大类小城镇的空间分布规律和演变趋势,结果发现这四大类小城镇的核心—外围空间格局十分明显,有着各自不同的功能定位和演进机理。基于此,为不同类型的小城镇制定了不同的发展策略,以便为今后不同类型的小城镇开展分类规划指导提供科学依据。     

Assessing the historical role of credit: Business cycles,financial crises and the legacy of Charles S. Peirce

This paper provides a historical overview of financial crises and their origins. The objective is to discuss a few of the modern statistical methods that can be used to evaluate predictors of these rare events. The problem involves the prediction of binary events, and therefore fits modern statistical learning, signal processing theory, and classification methods. The discussion also emphasizes the need for statistics and computational techniques to be supplemented with economics. The success of a forecast in this environment hinges on the economic consequences of the actions taken as a result of the forecast, rather than on typical statistical metrics of prediction accuracy.     

Integrating ecosystem services into conservation assessments: A review

A call has been made for conservation planners to include ecosystem services into their assessments of conservation priority areas. The need to develop an integrated approach to meeting different conservation objectives and a shift in focus towards human wellbeing are some of the motivations behind this call. There is currently no widely accepted approach to planning for ecosystem services. This study contributes towards the development of this approach through a review of conservation assessments and the extent to which they include ecosystem services. Of the 476 conservation assessments identified by a set of search terms on the Web of Science, 100 were randomly selected for this review. Of these only seven had included ecosystem services, while another 13 had referred to ecosystem services as a rationale for conservation without including them in the assessment. The majority of assessments were based on biodiversity pattern data while 19 used data on ecological processes. A total of 11 of these 19 assessments used processes, which could be linked to services. Ecosystem services have witnessed an increase in attention received in conservation assessments since the year 2000, however trends were not apparent beyond this date. In order to assess which types of ecosystem services and how they have been accounted for in conservation assessments, we extended our review to include an additional nine conservation assessments which included ecosystem services. The majority included cultural ecosystem services, followed by regulatory, provisioning and supporting services respectively. We conclude with an analysis of the constraints and opportunities for the integration of ecosystem services into conservation assessments and highlight the urgent need for an appropriate framework for planning for ecosystem services.     

滨海新区规模以上工业企业科技活动水平分析

天津滨海新区被纳入国家重点战略发展区域,工业在其发展中具有举足轻重的地位。规模以上工业企业是新区乃至天津市经济和科技发展的重要力量。对新区规模以上工业企业科技投入进行了认真分析,提出了有针对性的政策建议。     

长三角地区产业结构高级化及影响因素

本文根据三次产业结构比重,构造了长三角江浙沪三地的产业结构层次系数,对三地产业结构高级化变动进行了分析,发现产业结构高级化存在区域差异和趋势趋同特征,继而使用1990—2008年面板数据对影响产业结构高级化的影响因素进行了实证检验。结果发现:科技创新和政府规模对于产业结构高级化有正向作用,进出口贸易对于产业结构升级产生负向作用,FDI和社会投资作用则不太明显。其政策含义在于,在长三角产业结构升级化进程中,更应该注重科技创新和技术进步来推动产业结构高级化发展,从而实现产业结构调整和经济发展转型。