铁路运输在物流成本中的经济性分析

肯定物流在社会经济生活中的重要性,指出运输环节在降低物流成本、减少社会资源耗费中的突出地位,列举铁路运输方式的经济比较优势,分析铁路运输成本在经济学意义上的价值构成和含义,以及运输成本的计算、构成和与产品的联系等特点,得出降低铁路运输成本的主要途径是强化科学管理、优化运输组织的结论,并据此提出均衡运输、合理运输、直达运输、集中化运输、重载和高速运输等经济性方法。     

交通运输基础设施供给方式的新兴古典经济学分析

对于交通运输基础设施作为准公共产品由谁供给目前在学理上没有给出明晰解释,没有深入揭示其选择机理。从新兴古典经济学的角度认为,交通运输基础设施供给方式的选择,取决于该种机制是否最小化了公共物品提供过程中的所有交易成本。     

产能过剩化解对策——国企盲目投资扩张诱因分析

相关数据显示,以国企投资为主的传统制造业产能过剩情况严重,国有企业也是产能过剩率先爆发的“重灾区”。探究国企投资冲动背后的深层次诱因,可归结为内部成本的外部化和国企产权不明晰两大原因。化解产能过剩必须建立起长效化解机制,一方面通过完善市场竞争机制来还原市场对资源配置的决定性作用,另一方面通过实质性地推进国企改革,来最终达到根治产能过剩的目的。     

采用目标假设的三被动式传感器数据关联算法

被动式传感器目标跟踪是多传感器多目标跟踪领域的一个重要研究方向。针对三被动式传感器多目标定位系统全局最优数据关联的三维分配问题，在允许传感器漏检和虚警的情况下，通过分析拉格朗日松弛算法，提出一种假定真实目标的快速收敛算法。该算法通过粗关联假定真实目标并重新修改代价矩阵，然后进行细关联，使得拉格朗日松弛算法在保证关联精度的前提下有效地提高了收敛速度。理论分析和实验结果表明，该算法提高了数据关联的速度,并在一定程度上提高了关联准确率。     

Cost analysis of plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor versus recombinant factor VIII for treatment of previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A in the United States

Background: Inhibitor development to factor VIII (FVIII) hemophilia therapy results in increased complications and substantial economic costs. The SIPPET study, the first randomized controlled trial to compare the immunogenicity of plasma-derived FVIII (pdFVIII)/von Willebrand factor (VWF) and recombinant-DNA-derived FVIII (rFVIII), demonstrated higher inhibitor rates in previously untreated patients (PUPs) treated with rFVIII than in PUPs treated with pdFVIII/VWF.

Objective: To quantify the economic impact of treating PUPs with pdFVIII/VWF vs rFVIII.

Methods: An Excel-based clinical and economic model was developed from a US healthcare payer perspective and run over a 5-year period. The analysis utilized a cohort approach to model patient treatment and outcomes over a monthly cycle to quantify differences in costs of FVIII, bypassing agents, and hospitalizations for serious bleeds. Rates of high-titer inhibitor development were obtained from the SIPPET study. Patients developing high-titer inhibitors were treated with immune tolerance induction (ITI). Patients who developed low-titer inhibitors and those who did not develop inhibitors continued their usual FVIII treatment. Patients who were successfully treated with ITI returned to FVIII treatment, while unsuccessfully treated patients received bypassing agents. Total costs per treated patient were estimated and a one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of parameter uncertainty on the model outcomes.

Results: Total cumulative costs per patient over 5 years were $834,621 for pdFVIII/VWF patients and $1,237,163 for rFVIII patients, representing a total saving of $402,542 per patient over the 5-year period, for an average annual saving of $80,508 per patient.

Conclusions: Based on data from the SIPPET study, this analysis found that initiating FVIII treatment in severe hemophilia A PUPs with pdFVIII/VWF has the potential to offer substantial cost savings to healthcare payers, amounting to a one-third reduction in costs.     

How shark conservation in the Maldives affects demand for dive tourism

Shark-diving tourism provides important economic benefits to the Maldives. We examine the link between shark conservation actions and economic returns from diving tourism. A combined travel cost and contingent behaviour approach is used to estimate the dive trip demand under different management scenarios. Our results show that increasing shark populations could increase dive-trip demand by 15%, raising dive tourists’ welfare by US$58 million annually. This could result in annual economic benefits for the dive-tourism industry of >US$6 million. Conversely, in scenarios where shark populations decline, where dive tourists observe illegal fishing, or if dive operators lack engagement in shark conservation, dive trip demand could decrease by up to 56%. This decline causes economic losses of more than US$24 million annually to the dive tourism industry. These results highlight the dependence of the shark-diving industry on the creation and enforcement of appropriate management regimes for shark conservation.     

在热电联产企业中精益成本管理的评价指标及应用对策

论文从热电联产企业的特征入手,通过对精益成本管理理论的研究,总结出热电联产企业精益成本管理的评价指标,并通过对指标的分析总结出精益成本管理在热电联产企业实际应用中的管理对策。     

集成管理理论在建设项目全过程造价咨询业务中的应用研究

建筑企业为了进一步扩大盈利空间,在项目运行期间于造价管理工作中引入集成管理理论,采用全过程造价咨询管控方式,提升项目成本管控能力。论文考虑到造价管理对建筑企业的重要性,着重介绍集成管理理论在全过程造价咨询领域的应用方式。