全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6866篇 |
免费 | 227篇 |
国内免费 | 92篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 227篇 |
工业经济 | 218篇 |
计划管理 | 949篇 |
经济学 | 1347篇 |
综合类 | 789篇 |
运输经济 | 51篇 |
旅游经济 | 63篇 |
贸易经济 | 711篇 |
农业经济 | 1811篇 |
经济概况 | 1019篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 83篇 |
2023年 | 250篇 |
2022年 | 229篇 |
2021年 | 269篇 |
2020年 | 275篇 |
2019年 | 181篇 |
2018年 | 178篇 |
2017年 | 255篇 |
2016年 | 291篇 |
2015年 | 243篇 |
2014年 | 499篇 |
2013年 | 535篇 |
2012年 | 692篇 |
2011年 | 756篇 |
2010年 | 505篇 |
2009年 | 364篇 |
2008年 | 400篇 |
2007年 | 276篇 |
2006年 | 254篇 |
2005年 | 157篇 |
2004年 | 140篇 |
2003年 | 96篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 61篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有7185条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
John?K.?StranlundEmail author Christopher?Costello Carlos?A.?Chávez 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2005,28(2):181-204
We propose enforcement strategies for emissions trading programs with bankable emissions permits that guarantee complete compliance with minimal enforcement costs. Our strategies emphasize imperfect monitoring supported by a high unit penalty for reporting violations, and tying this penalty directly to equilibrium permit prices. This approach is quite different from several existing enforcement strategies that emphasize high unit penalties for emissions in excess of permit holdings. Our analysis suggests that a high penalty for excess emissions cannot be used to conserve monitoring effort, and that it may actually increase the amount of monitoring necessary to maintain compliance.The authors are grateful to Anthony Heyes and three anonymous referees for their valuable comments. Partial support for this research was provided by the Cooperative State Research Extension, Education Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station under Project No. MAS00871. 相似文献
22.
23.
Urs Springer 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(4):501-513
Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors. 相似文献
24.
中国粮食生产区域分化特征和成因的实证研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对中国在1990年和2002年粮食生产的区域分化状况进行统计分析的结果表明,工业化和城市化的发展,以及农产品市场形成条件下,稻米生产的区域分散特征、小麦生产的区域集中特征以及玉米播种面积的集中和生产产量的分散特征日益明显。计量检验显示,人均承包经营耕地面积和种植业收入比率是影响粮食生产区域分化的最主要的两个因素。 相似文献
25.
Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuelcombustion thereby also reducing net greenhousegas emissions. However, subsidies are
neededto make agricultural biofuel productioneconomically feasible. To explore the economicpotential of biofuels in a greenhouse
gasmitigation market, we incorporate data onproduction and biofuel processing for thedesignated energy crops switchgrass,
hybridpoplar, and willow in an U.S. AgriculturalSector Model along with data on traditionalcrop-livestock production and processing,
andafforestation of cropland. Net emissioncoefficients on all included agriculturalpractices are estimated through crop growthsimulation
models or taken from the literature. Potential emission mitigation policies ormarkets are simulated via hypothetical carbonprices.
At each carbon price level, theAgricultural Sector Model computes the newmarket equilibrium, revealing agriculturalcommodity
prices, regionally specificproduction, input use, and welfare levels,environmental impacts, and adoption ofalternative management
practices such asbiofuel production. Results indicate no rolefor biofuels below carbon prices of $40 perton of carbon equivalent.
At these incentivelevels, emission reductions via reduced soiltillage and afforestation are more costefficient. For carbon
prices above $70,biofuels dominate all other agriculturalmitigation strategies. 相似文献
26.
Knut H. Alfsen Hugo Birkelund Morten Aaserud 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,5(2):165-189
Emission of CO2, SO2 and NOx are all closely linked to the burning of fossil fuels. Here we report on simulations done by linking a Sectoral European Energy Model (SEEM), covering energy demand in nine Western European countries, with the emission-transport-deposition model RAINS developed by IIASA. The study analyses emissions of CO2, SO2 and NOx, deposition of sulphur and nitrogen and the extent of areas where the critical load for sulphur is exceeded in year 2000 under four different energy scenarios. Two different sets of future behavioural patterns for the thermal electric power production sector are considered. In one regime, called the plan-efficient regime, the sector is assumed to follow official plans with regard to investment in new capacity. In the other regime, called the cost-efficient regime, the thermal power sector is assumed to behave in a cost minimizing manner. The effects of the proposed EC carbon/energy tax are studied under both regimes, giving rise to altogether four scenarios.In both regimes the effect of the EC tax is to reduce emissions by between 6 and 10 per cent in year 2000 relative to the scenarios without the tax. A change of regime, from the regulated, plan-efficient regime to the market-based, cost-efficient regime, will, by itself, reduce emissions of CO2 and NOx by approximately 3 per cent, while SO2 emissions are reduced by 13 per cent. The EC tax will reduce sulphur deposition by more than 5 per cent in the nine model countries under the plan-efficient regime. A change of regime further reduces the total deposition by 9 per cent. The area where depositions exceed the critical load is reduced by approximately 6 per cent in year 2000 by the tax in both regimes. Changing from the plan-efficient to the cost-efficient regime has a similar impact.Although the emission reductions due to the EC tax may seem modest, they are shown to have a sizeable effect on the technological abatement costs of reaching targets like those prescribed in the Sofia protocol on the stabilisation of NOx emissions, and the Helsinki protocol on SO2 emission reductions. This is part of what can be considered to be secondary benefits of the EC carbon/energy tax. 相似文献
27.
黑龙江省农产品物流SWOT分析 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
近年来,随着农产品产量的增加和经营的放开,农产品物流环境发生了很大变化,不可控制因素变得更加复杂。本文通过对黑龙江省农产品物流现状进行SWOT分析.分别阐述了黑龙江省农产品物流的优势、劣势、机会、威胁等。指出只有完善农产品物流体系,抓好规模经营.提高组织化程度,才能更好地发展现代农业。 相似文献
28.
29.
30.
农业发展新阶段的市域农业结构问题与调整--以衡阳市为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以衡阳市为实证,回顾了市域农业结构的形成、演变过程,指出目前的市域农业结构存在市场适应、组织构筑和动力机制等三方面的主要问题。文章提出了市域农业结构调整的三大原则和四个调整方向,并结合实际提出了两点具有可操作性的建议。 相似文献