中国中部六省的碳排放趋势研究

采用王铮等人提出的中国碳排放预估模型,测算在经济平稳增长条件下,中部六省未来的能源碳排放趋势,考虑了6省未来水泥工业的碳排放,并采用CO2FIX模型计算各省森林碳汇量,从而得出各省的净碳排放量,为各省制定碳排放战略提供参考。结果显示：各省的能源碳排放量都呈现先增长后下降的倒U型特征,能源碳排放高峰出现的先后顺序分别是河南、湖南、山西、安徽、江西、湖北;6个省份水泥工业的碳排放都呈现不断增长的趋势,水泥工业产生的碳排放量最大的是河南,最小的是山西;累计森林碳汇量最大的是江西省,其次是湖南省,河南省最小;各省应在减少能源碳排放的同时,控制水泥工业产生的碳排放,积极增加森林碳汇,从多方入手减少碳排放。     

中国碳排放量影响因素研究——基于省级面板数据的分析

采用中国30个省（市、区）2000～2010年的相关数据,运用面板数据模型对中国碳排放量的影响因素进行实证研究。面板协整检验表明：区域碳排放量与人均GDP、产业结构、人口数量、能源价格、能源效率和人均可支配收入之间存在长期稳定的内生经济关系。运用面板模型估计各因素的影响系数分析,认为对中国东部、中部、西部地区碳排放量影响最大的三大因素为人均GDP、人口数量和能源效率。     

Energy efficiency promotion backfires under cap-and-trade

Major climate-cum-energy policies and respective impact projections rest on the widespread belief that increased energy efficiency can be equated with savings in energy use and emissions. This belief is flawed. Due to the rebound effect emissions savings from energy efficiency improvements will be generally less than what is technically feasible, or even be reversed. By means of an analytical general equilibrium model we demonstrate the latter to be true in a case that is both stark and relevant: if electricity generation is subject to a cap-and-trade scheme with partial coverage, increased efficiency of electric devices leads unambiguously to increased carbon emissions. The result implies that a proper distinction between the energy rebound and the carbon rebound is warranted, and that public policy must carefully consider the interactions between energy efficiency promotion and carbon pricing.     

不同类型技术进步的节能减排绩效及其动态变化

运用非参数SML生产率指数模型,测算了1994—2014年中国35个工业行业的基于绿色增长的技术进步,并采用面板模型对按能耗与碳排放分组的行业分别进行能耗强度和CO_2排放强度回归。结果表明:生产前沿的科技创新是推动中国工业绿色全要素生产率提高的主动力,前沿科技创新的节能降耗绩效最高,纯技术效率的CO_2减排绩效最高;技术进步的节能降耗效应与CO_2减排效应具有非对称性,技术进步的CO_2减排绩效大于其节能降耗绩效;能源消费结构调整的CO_2减排绩效大于其节能降耗绩效。     

Dynamics of volatility transmission between the U.S. and the Chinese agricultural futures markets

The U.S. and China are two of the biggest players in the world agricultural market. The literature documents that volatility in the U.S. agricultural futures market spills over significantly to that of China. This article provides further insights into the spillovers from China to the U.S. as well as the time horizon and dynamics of the bidirectional spillovers through the application of a multivariate extension of the heterogeneous autoregressive model, in relation to four commodities – soybean, wheat, corn and sugar. The results confirm the existence of significant spillovers from the U.S. to China for four commodities, which are primarily generated by the shorter-term volatility components in the U.S., and provide evidence for the increasing pricing power of the Chinese market. The findings are robust against various specifications and have important investment and policy implications.     

The EU ETS and corporate environmental abatement

This article studies the relationship between firm-level emissions-to-cap ratio (ETC) and environmental abatement, by using a unique and extensive data set of 10 762 installations covered by the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) matched to 5931 firms. We find that a shortage of emissions allowances is related to more abatement in later years while a surplus of emissions allowances results in worse subsequent environmental performance. This finding underscores the importance of reducing the global amount of allowances in the ETS system. Our results also suggest that stakeholder pressure and the creation of transparency concerning corporate environmental performance are likely to support the effectiveness of the system.     

RETURNS TO DEBT AND EQUITY IN FARM PRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS

While the capital structure irrelevance proposition is the point of departure in corporate finance, it is unknown if debt‐or‐equity decisions matter to farm producer organizations. To inform decisions of capital acquisition, a panel study is conducted to estimate the relationships of different types of debt (current, long‐term) and equity (allocated, unallocated) to the financial performance of 707 farm producer organizations in the United States during the 2005–2011 period. Using 3,120 observations, the panel analysis indicates net sales in period t is increased by $1.97, $9.59, and $4.01 with an addition of $1 in current debt, allocated equity, or unallocated equity in period t_‐1. Furthermore, the magnitude of the positive relationship of an additional dollar of allocated (unallocated) equity to net income is estimated at $0.32 ($0.14). We thus reject the notion managers and directors of farm producer organizations should decide to use debt or equity with a coin toss.     

Farmer organizations and maize productivity in rural Burkina Faso: The effects of the diversion strategy on cotton input loans

This study analyzes the impact of the diversion strategy of cotton inputs on maize productivity among farmer organization (FO) members in Burkina Faso, based on an endogenous treatment effect model. This impact is assessed by measuring the effects of the producers’ strategy of using part of their cotton inputs for growing other crops, such as maize. The data from a 2014 multisectoral survey in Burkina Faso were used. The main result is that maize productivity is 59.11% lower for FO members who divert their cotton inputs. We suggest the development of financing systems for cereals, similar to those in the cotton sector, and the establishment of monitoring the use of input credits.     

我国海洋产业碳排放核算研究

立足于海洋经济可持续发展的基本目标,探讨发展海洋产业低碳化核算问题。尝试运用改进的Kaya等式和LMDI分解法,对海洋产业CO2排放量变动的影响因素进行了测算与贡献率分析,运用碳排放系数核算了海洋产业碳排放值及碳排放强度,并根据核算结果提出海洋产业低碳化的实现思路。     

中国贸易开放与温室气体排放:文献综述

目前,全球气候变暖作为世界环境问题的四大热点之一不断升温,国际社会各种多边或双边活动日益频繁。中国作为CO2等温室气体排放大国,面临国际减排的压力与日俱增。西方国家鼓吹的"中国气候威胁论"也愈演愈烈,致使中国成为世界气候变暖的众矢之的,然而,通过对国内外文献的梳理,我们发现快速增长的外贸出口和不断扩大的贸易顺差才是导致中国碳排放增长的真正"源头",那些大量消费甚至奢侈消费"中国制造"商品的发达国家同样肩负一定的责任,一味指责中国是不公正、不公平和片面的。