中国农业保险对国际运行绩效的沿袭与创新

借鉴国外农业保险模式开展中国农业保险是时下颇为流行的观点,其核心政策主张是政府要为农业保险提供补贴、免税等优惠措施。但研究发现,发达国家的农业保险模式无论在发达国家、还是在发展中国家运作并不成功。必须在深刻分析其内在缺陷和应用局限性的基础上,借鉴国际农业保险的创新,设计符合中国实际的农业保险模式,而不能简单地模仿发达国家的模式。     

关于中国水安全问题的战略思考——解决好水安全问题是实现可持续发展的关键

水是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,水资源的可持续利用,是经济社会可持续发展的重要保证,也是维系自然生态系统的重要保证。本文阐述了水资源的现状及其存在的主要水安全问题,提出水安全是一种比较客观的水资源开发利用和管理理念,同时着眼于在一定时间内重构水资源的可持续利用状态,对合理利用水资源提出了相应的建议。     

Aquatic resources and recreation behavior

While substantial effort has been undertaken to understand the consequences of industrial and agricultural uses for the environment, concern has also been expressed about its other uses, including recreation. Little is known about the relationship between recreational behavior and an environmental resource base. The present paper focuses upon participation in a specific outdoor recreation activity or activity‐cluster and dominant resource base where participation occurs. Resource bases identified were river, lake, ocean, swamp/marsh, forest/mountain, range/ farm and city/town. Emphasis is placed upon aquatic environs and participation in water‐based recreation. Water activities constituted from 14–30 percent of all outdoor activities taking place at those resource bases identified. Aquatic environments provided the resource base for 38 percent of all recreation participation events, water‐ and non‐water based, occurring during one reporting period. While participation in water‐based activities requires a water resource, the array of participation patterns reported suggests that resource bases defined as recreation places provide a wide range of opportunities for non‐resource‐dependent recreation activities. One conclusion is that resource bases cannot be distinguished by the recreation activities occurring on them. Resource bases in fact facilitate a wide range of recreation activities, some holding little direct connection with the resource base, nor are the conditions of the resource sufficient to predict behavioral outcomes.     

农村饮水安全工程评估评价指标体系的设计、标准和步骤

饮水安全工程是民生工程，党和国家对其高度重视，并为此投入了大量资金。但安饮工程的现状如何，完成的质量、效益、持续性如何，以及如何对典型而又复杂的农村饮水安全工程作一个全面、有效、及时的评估和评价，是一个值得探讨的问题。文章探讨通过运用科学的方法建立相应的绩效评价指标体系，对饮水安全工程这个财政支出项目进行绩效评估，以期全面了解农村饮水安全工程的落实情况，真正改善农村饮用水质量，解决广大农民的饮水案例问题，同时也让政府的管理效率和公共服务水平得到提升。     

提高自动喷淋灭火系统可靠性的措施研究

自动喷淋系统在消防灭火系统中占据着重要位置,被称为最有效的灭火手段。本文在对影响自动喷淋灭火系统可靠性的相关因素进行分析的基础上,提出了提高自动喷淋灭火系统的可靠性的几项措施。     

无市政给水时高层建筑的室外消防给水设计初探

本文结合《高层民用建筑防火规范》,介绍了在没有市政给水的情况下,高层建筑小区室外消防给水三种方案,结合其设置要求、安全性、工作原理分析了系统特点和局限性,并推荐最优方案。     

林地与农地制度变革的比较：产业特性的视角

土地制度改革一直是关系农村发展及社会稳定的重大问题。本文从产业特性的差异出发，对改革开放后林地与衣地制度改革路径中的制度安排与改革影响进行了比较，认为制度安排具有与产业特性相容的内在诉求，由于产业特性差异，林地制度对农地制度的简单复制难以凑效且不可持续，深化集体林权制度改革需要重视对林业特征的考察。     

The Interaction of Global Value Chains and Rural Livelihoods: The Case of Smallholder Raspberry Growers in Chile

This paper integrates aspects of global value chain and sustainable rural livelihoods analyses in an exploration of the local impacts of agri‐food globalization in Chile. In particular, it examines the evolution of the raspberry export sector in the context of Chile's non‐traditional agricultural export boom, and considers its importance to smallholder growers and rural households in central Chile. The paper first outlines the geography and structural configuration of the global value chain for Chilean raspberries, and considers modes of governance and forms of coordination between key actors within the chain. Second, the terms and implications of smallholder grower participation in the value chain are explored in a discussion of access to key livelihoods assets. The paper concludes that institutional support to smallholders, even in the case of a crop that is widely seen to have a small‐scale ‘size bias’, remains integral to their capacity to comply with required safety and quality standards and gain and retain market access via the value chain.     

公路路基水毁修复技术的设计与施工

开展修复技术研究的主要目的就是在掌握水毁发生发展规律的基础上,提出路基水毁修复的方法与技术,提高应急处理的主动性和科学性,从而缩短由于水毁引起交通中断的时间,减少带来的经济损失和社会影响,提高我国公路养护管理水平和运营质量、促进行业技术进步和行业发展、保证公路畅通和社会安定具有重要意义。