房地产企业多产品结构的经济效益分析

近年来，各地房地产企业发展迅速，实行多元化战略，呈现了多产品结构。本文运用Translog成本函数估算分析了多产品结构的经济效益，提出了“大公司、大企业有最大的范围经济，但其规模经济稳定不变，不能获得较大的成本效益；中等规模的公司可获得较大的规模经济和范围经济，能获得较好的成本效益”的观点。     

政府采购国际法律制度及我国政府采购法适用范围的比较分析

目前我国正在开始申请加入WTO《政府采购协定》的谈判,由于我国《政府采购法》适用范围立法上存在缺陷,研究修正并发展我国政府采购法律的调整范围是一项十分必要和紧迫的工作。本文对比政府采购国际法律制度,分析了我国政府采购法适用范围的相关问题,并提出政府采购法适用范围的发展方向:从采购项目的角度出发,设定规范的主体和统一的门槛,制定明确的标准来衡量相应的采购项目是否应该纳入到我国《政府采购法》的调整范围之中,使之与我国《招投标法》内容保持一致性,并逐步与GPA、《示范法》等国际政府采购规则有效趋同。     

电商平台创新优势与线上线下厂商竞争

技术密集型的线上厂商（电商平台）相对劳动密集型的线下厂商（实体门店）具有业态的创新优势,能利用丰富多样的技术机会,通过提高服务水平、拓宽经营范围和降低生产成本三类创新节约消费者交易成本而抢占线下市场份额。三类创新之间存在正反馈机制：拓宽经营范围的创新可以集聚多个商品市场需求,通过需求拉动效应激励提高服务水平和降低生产成本的创新;提高服务水平和降低生产成本的创新能够通过分摊创新成本促进拓宽经营范围的创新,这又增强了线上竞争优势。本文构建的模型用比较静态方法刻画线上线下厂商在多商品市场上交叉竞争的图景,从电商平台的创新优势角度解读实体店“关店潮”的成因,也为线上线下协同创新和制定互联网产业政策提供了理论启示。     

设施选址方法研究

在查阅大量文献的基础上,整理提炼了22种常用的设施选址方法,并依据各方法的特点,选取4种分类标准对其进行了分类研究,剖析了各方法的优、缺点,并总结各方法的适用范围,从而使选址方法更加系统化,为设施选址方法的选择以及实际选址决策提供科学的理论依据和实际指导。     

反哺农业法律行为的内涵与适用

反哺农业法律行为是指能够引起反哺农业法律关系产生、变更和消灭的各种行为,其具备法律行为普遍性特征同时,也基于反哺农业的自身特点而显其独有特性。这些独有特性具体通过反哺农业法律行为的客观要件与主观要件显现出来并随其构成要素之不同而表现各异。类型化是研究反哺农业法律行为适用问题的必要前提,法律推理和法律解释所表征的适用逻辑是研究反哺农业法律行为适用问题的重要内容。     

论行政听证程序的适用范围——以《烟草专卖行政处罚程序规定》的相关规定为中心

行政听证在我国已得到较为广泛的运用。听证程序的适用范围是听证发挥公平公正作用的关键所在,《行政处罚法》对此范围的规定明显过窄,不利于当事人利益的维护。《烟草专卖行政处罚程序规定》虽然适当扩大了其范围,具有积极意义,但依然没有实质性的突破,有待进一步完善。     

An analysis of exotic wagers in a parimutuel setting

In US horse racing, there is increasing emphasis placed on the creation of exotic wagers - those bets beyond the standard win, place and show. Bets on multiple races that typically do not result in a winner for several days are of particular interest to the industry. The growing carryover pool helps attract people to the racetrack in a way similar to a growing carryover in the lottery attracts more people to participate. This article examines several multiple race bets and provides a framework for their comparative analysis. The results of the analysis will help racetrack management decide if a proposed bet is appropriate for their particular track. This analysis shows a tradeoff between the difficulty of winning the bet versus the amount of the ultimate payoff. If a bet is too easy to win, then the carryover pool will never reach an attractive level. If the bet is too difficult to win, then the bettors will lose interest before the carryover pool is able to grow sufficiently large. The amount of money wagered daily is an important consideration in determining the appropriate type of exotic wager to implement.     

Leadership substitutes and personality impact on time and quality in virtual new product development projects

Leadership, personality, and organizational factors were analyzed to measure their combined effect on virtual‐based product development time and scope‐quality performance. Over 1,000 team members were surveyed. MANCOVA was used to test if leadership, personality project, and/or organizational factors impacted performance. All realistic factors were included to detect leadership substitutes moderation, mediation, and prediction. Bias was reduced by not surveying leaders, by using reverse item coding, and by checking social desirability. Experimental control and common method variance were managed by including multilevel and multisource data. Performance was objectively computed from organizational data. The findings were that transactional leadership (not transformational) and some personality attri‐butes (leader substitutes) were significant factors, increasing project scope quality and time performance. This article was published online on September 29, 2010. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected. See the correction noted on the seventh page of the print version of the article.     

Local Heroes,Regional Champions or Global Mandates? Empirical Evidence on the Dynamics of German MNC Subsidiary Roles in Central Europe

SUMMARY

In this paper we analyze the influence of a subsidiary's external environment, of its task and of its mode of ownership and its mode of market entry on the development of its role for the case of German subsidiaries in Central Europe. We define a subsidiary's role as a three-dimensional construct, consisting of a subsidiary's tasks, its value chain activities and its respective geographical scope. Drawing on a sample of 99 subsidiaries from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, we find that a subsidiary's host country, its tasks and its mode of market entry influence the development of its role. We find no evidence for the influence of subsidiary's mode of ownership. Especially, “geographical market proximity seeking”-subsidiaries seem to follow a different path of development than subsidiaries where this task is of minor importance as they tend to perform a smaller number of value chain activities and tend to expand these value chain activities with regard to their geographical scope more incrementally.     

A study of economies of scale and economies of scope in Taiwan international tourist hotels

This paper is to investigate economies of scale and economies of scope for the international tourist hotel industry in Taiwan. The research sample contains 50 international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Research data is from financial statements in the official annual report published by the Tourism Bureau, Ministry of Transportation and Communication, R.O.C., and the sample period is from 1993 to 1997. The empirical model contains the Translog cost function, which includes three output variables and four input factors, the cost‐share equations, and the constraints on the parameters in the simultaneous cost system. The seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) is used to estimate the parameters of the simultaneous cost system. The results show that, based on the 1997 data, international tourist hotels in Taiwan are in general not operating efficiently, in terms of cost efficiency. There are some cost incentives or benefits from expansion both in scale and scope of business.