Regulation and taxation: A complementarity

I show how quantity regulation can lower elasticities and thereby increase optimal tax rates. Such regulation imposes regulatory incentives for particular choice quantities. Their strength varies between zero (laissez faire) and infinite (command economy). In the latter case, regulation effectively eliminates any intensive behavioral responses to taxes; a previously distortionary tax becomes a lump sum. For intermediate regulation (where some deviation is feasible), intensive behavioral responses are still weaker than under zero regulation, and so quantity regulation reduces elasticities, thereby facilitating subsequent taxation. I apply this mechanism to labor supply and present correlational evidence for this complementarity: hours worked in high-regulation countries are compressed, and these countries tax labor at higher rates.     

货币供应量统计口径演变历程及其影响

文章在介绍货币供应量统计口径调整的基本原则并回顾其在我国经历的三次调整及其原因的基础上，详细分析了目前货币供应量统计指标的组成部分及其中需注意的问题，说明了目前尚未计入M2的货币相关成分。最后，文章分析了货币供应量统计口径可能的调整对我国宏观调控和金融市场发展等方面的影响。     

皖江城市带城市经济联系与中心城市辐射范围分析

分析经济区内城市间经济联系不仅有利于引导城市的空间发展,而且有利于空间经济的合理组织。以皖江城市带为例,引入克鲁格曼指数、建成区面积、人口素质权重系数等指标修正了以往的引力模型,并利用城市间的日发车班次数据对修正模型进行了检验。在此基础上,利用修正模型确定了各城市的主要对外联系方向及联系强度,采用断裂点公式计算了中心城市的吸引范围。结果表明:①皖江城市带内各城市对外经济联系强度差异较大;②各城市的主要联系方向呈现中心城市指向性和地域相邻指向性特征;③合肥和芜湖为皖江城市带的两个经济中心城市,它们的对外吸引范围较为狭小。     

《中国—东盟投资协议》:成就、不足与完善

《中国—东盟投资协议》在中国—东盟自由贸易区范围内创建了统一的国际投资保护法制,在保护外国投资者私益的同时试图兼顾东道国国家主权,此为其成就。但该协议也存在重大不足,如所约束的国家行为范围过于狭窄、缺乏审慎措施条款、根本安全例外条款未受到必要的制度性约束等。目前的当务之急是有针对性地完善该协议。     

Activist‐impelled divestitures and shareholder value

Research Summary : This study analyzes how the divestitures that are impelled by activist investors in their campaigns against public corporations affect shareholder value. Using hand‐collected data on the activist campaigns that were launched against and the divestitures that were undertaken by Fortune 500 companies between 2007 and 2015, we find that activist‐impelled divestitures are more positively associated with immediate and longer‐term measures of shareholder value than comparable manager‐led divestitures. These performance differences persist for nearly two years after the completion of these deals. Our results empirically test the idea that firms with agency problems unlock shareholder value when they divest, and support the notion that activist investors fulfill an important external governance function. Our work also opens new research opportunities and offers practical implications as well. Managerial Summary : This study investigates how divestitures that are undertaken at the behest of activist investors affect shareholder value. We find that divestitures that were undertaken under pressure from activist investors are associated with more positive shareholder returns than comparable divestitures that were undertaken voluntarily by managers. These performance differences persist for nearly two years after the completion of these deals, alleviating concerns about the purported short‐termism of activist investors. Our findings suggest that activist investors may fulfill an important governance function by inducing managers to undertake strategies that they might not otherwise pursue, thereby unlocking shareholder value.     

辽宁省产业集群发展战略研究

在对产业集群的本质进行研究的基础上,对产业集群的竞争优势进行分析,结合辽宁地区产业集群的发展现状,有针对性地提出了辽宁省发展产业集群应该充分利用国家振兴东北老工业基地建设的政策扶持,进行产业集群发展的战略规划.主要从以下几个方面进行:充分整合内外部资源,发挥优势产业集群;打造强势龙头企业,发挥龙头企业孵化器的作用;正确发挥地方政府在产业集群发展中的作用;进行产业园区的合理规划,实现区域经济腾飞;增强企业创新能力,提升产业集群内企业的竞争力.     

生态挡土墙的特点及适用范围探析

在生态环保、节能降耗日渐成为趋势的新时期,各类生态挡土墙都得到不同程度的应用。文章指出了普通生态挡土墙的生态特点及适用范围,重点分析了后垂型砌块挡土墙和溢水孔砌块挡土墙这类砌块加筋土挡土墙的生态特点和技术特征。     

A multiproduct Symmetric Generalized McFadden cost function

This paper introduces a flexible multiproduct cost function that permits zero values of one or more of the outputs and can impose restrictions quite easily, if not automatically satisfied, to ensure global concavity property. It satisfies linear homogeneity (in prices) property and is flexible in the output space. Thus the function is ideal for estimating, for example, economies of scope, cost complementarity, product-specific returns to scale, etc., without worrying about zero values of output(s) and extrapolations to points far from the point of approximation. As an empirical application, we use panel data (1978–1985) on 12 Finnish foundry plants to estimate technical progress, overall returns to scale, product-specific returns to scale and economies of scope.     

The dynamics of transitions in socio-technical systems: A multi-level analysis of the transition pathway from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles (1860–1930)

This article investigates transitions at the level of societal functions (e.g. transport, communication, housing). Societal functions are fulfilled by socio-technical systems, which consist of a cluster of aligned elements, e.g. artefacts, knowledge, user practices and markets, regulation, cultural meaning, infrastructure, maintenance networks and supply networks. To understand how transitions from one socio-technical system to another come about, the article describes a conceptual multi-level perspective. The perspective is illustrated with a historical case study: the transition from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles in the USA (1860–1930). The case study shows that technological substitution approaches to this transition are too simple, because they neglect the electric tram and bicycle, which acted as important stepping stones. The case study also corrects another mistake, namely that the gasoline car won by chance from steam and electric automobiles. It will be shown that particular niches played a crucial role in this competition, as well as the wider socio-technical context. The case study deviates on three points from the multi-level perspective. These deviations are used to conceptualize a particular transition pathway, called ‘de-alignment and re-alignment’.     

征地补偿标准存在的问题及相应对策

现代化进程使大量农民处于失地境地,确立对失地农民合理的补偿标准,成为凾待解决的问题。本文对现有土地征用补偿标准存在的问题进行分析;结合新近出台的《物权法》,提出以市场调整为基础,扩大征地补偿项目,明晰公共利益的内涵,综合考虑区位级差及地租土地补偿金和土地拆分价值;提出规定土地征用法律程序,制定土地征用相关司法解释,建立专门的争议解决机构。