Stock market reactions to related diversification moves by service firms seeking benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope

Service firms may seek benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope by diversifying. Each source of benefit is based on different underlying mechanisms and each is affected differently by implementation difficulties and service characteristics. Previous research, however, has not analyzed the relative performance effects of these two very different sources of benefits for related diversified service firms. Thus, this paper uses an integrative framework including these aspects to examine the relative performance effects of benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope in service firms.     

论企业多元化经营的范围经济性

本文根据美国企业多元化发展的历程以及国外学者对多元化的研究,提出范围经济主要存在于相关多元化中,并对相关多元化中范围经济的具体体现作了分析,归纳为基于有形资源的范围经济性、基于无形资源的范围经济性和基于竞争对手的范围经济性三类,并提出了对企业的管理建议。     

论《破产法》中破产财产的构成范围

破产财产又称破产财团，是破产清偿法律关系中权利所指向的对象。从破产财产的概念和特征入手，分析我国相关规定的不足，旨在正确界定破产财产的构成范围，以维护相关当事人的合法权益。     

高压二氧化碳消防系统的设计与应用

结合电力调度中心大厦工程中二氧化碳消防系统的应用与设计特点,全面的论述、介绍了高压二氧化碳消防系统的各种设计方法和应用范围,并为二氧化碳消防系统在电力工程的应用提供了新的思路。     

Motivation matters: Corporate scope and competition in complementary product markets

Research summary : We argue that a pure capabilities‐based view does not accurately explain the competitive dynamics of increasingly common settings in which firms act as both complementors and competitors. We propose that the Awareness‐Motivation‐Capability framework is more appropriate for these settings. We derive predictions from both a pure capabilities view and the AMC framework, and test those predictions in the U.S. auto leasing market, in which the leasing subsidiaries of car manufacturers directly compete with the same independent lessors who provide complements to the manufacturers. Although our results are consistent with capabilities playing an important role, motivation appears to be a critical factor explaining the competitive dynamics of the market. Managerial summary : Firms that compete with business units owned by larger corporate parents face additional considerations. Such subsidiary competitors can be motivated by broader corporate considerations, shifting their objectives, and consequently, their strategic actions. Expecting subsidiary competitors to pursue business unit profitability can mislead managers toward pricing, product mix, or market entry errors. We present an important example from consumer finance, where independent auto lessors, such as Bank of America (BoA), compete with captive leasing subsidiaries like Ford Motor Credit (FMC). Since FMC is motivated to subsidize and support vehicle sales for its manufacturer parent, a cost advantage is not enough for BoA to dominate the market. Understanding broader corporate motivations of competitors helps managers anticipate competition levels in potential markets, thereby improving decision‐making and performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How to Measure and Draw Causal Inferences with Patent Scope

Abstract

This paper presents an easy-to-use measure of patent scope that is grounded both in patent law and in the practices of patent attorneys. We validate our measure by showing both that patent attorneys’ subjective assessments of scope agree with our estimates, and that the behavior of patenters is consistent with it. Using our validation exercise, we find that previous measures of patent scope (i.e., the number of patent classes, the number of citations made by future patents, and the number of claims in a patent) are uninformative or misleading. To facilitate drawing causal inferences with our measure, we show how it can be used to create an instrumental variable, patent examiner scope toughness, which we also validate. We then demonstrate the power of this instrument by examining standard-essential patents. We show that an (exogenous) diminishment of patent scope leads to patents being much less likely to be declared standard essential.     

Firm-Specific Advantages Intra-Regional Sales and Performance of Multinational Enterprises

This article is an extension of recent work that has examined the intra-regional sales of large multinational enterprises (MNEs). First, we examine the interaction between the performance of MNEs and four proxies for their firm-specific advantages (FSAs). This includes: firm size, knowledge (as represented by R&D), marketing ability, and industry type. We find that FSAs in R&D and service sector type are best exploited within the home region. In contrast, the FSA firm size is better exploited by global and bi-regional firms. Second, we find that a service MNE tends to be more home-region oriented and has a higher proportion of intra-regional sales than a manufacturing firm.     

Is the growth of regionalism as significant as the headlines suggest? Lessons from agricultural trade

The proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has motivated a significant number of ex post econometric studies investigating their agricultural trade impacts. The general conclusion is that RTAs increase members’ trade by as much as 150%, on average. In this article, we demonstrate that previous empirical work likely misrepresents the impact of RTAs because of considerable heterogeneity in the depth of economic integration pursued by these agreements. Contrary to previous studies, the results reveal that RTAs are not universally trade creating, and some agreements appear to provide very little benefit. “Deep integration agreements,” on the other hand, are largely responsible for the impressive agricultural trade flow increases reported in the literature. Testing the hierarchy of RTAs largely confirms the theory: the benefits of regionalism are an increasing function of the depth of economic integration.     

劳动与社会保障专业人才培养困境与发展思路

劳动与社会保障专业是一门对社会发展有极为重要的学科,人才培养模式应着重围绕适应社会主义现代化建设需要设置。本文主要针对当前人才培养模式中的困境,有针对性的提出专业发展思路,以期进一步提高人才培养素质,增强人才市场竞争能力,建立并完善符合我国劳动与社会保障事业发展需要的复合应用型人才的培养模式。     

从国际发展趋势看我国消费税改革

消费税是世界各国普遍征收的税种，发达国家的税制比较完善，课税范围更广、更合理。我国现代的消费税法起步较晚。通过研究消费税的国际发展趋势，学习和借鉴先进经验，适当调整我国消费税法，不断发展和完善，使其与国际接轨。