农用地分等成果省级汇总中图幅接边方法刍议

县(市)级农用地分等工作中,由于人为及系统误差,在进行农用地分等省级汇总工作时,相邻县(市)边界往往会出现图形及属性衔接不上的情况：通过分析数据缝隙的来源,提出了消除不同数据缝隙的相应方法,利用GIS技术完成了湖北省农用地分等省级汇总图幅接边工作。     

用标准样地进行耕地质量动态监测与预警探讨

研究目的:农用地分等成果中的标准样地能代表其所在小区域耕地质量特征,对设定范围内一定数量的标准样地进行监测,结合农用地分等结果,可以掌握该范围内耕地质量的变化情况,基于此探索建立耕地质量动态监测与预警体系。研究方法:用标准样地结合遥感、GIS等手段构建体系。研究结果:给出基于标准样地的耕地质量动态监测与预警体系初步框架。研究结论:耕地质量动态监测与预警的实现是国土资源由数量管理向数量、质量并重管理的重要技术基础。     

Can the small dairy farm remain competitive in US agriculture?

Smaller dairy farms in the US are observed to have higher costs than larger farms, and whether those higher costs are due to technology or inefficiency has implications for policy to address the small farm. If high cost of production on smaller farms is due to a higher cost frontier, then to make small farms competitive would require research to devise and design technology that is suitable for small farms. If instead high cost is due to inefficiency, then educational approaches are needed to ensure small dairy farms use technology efficiently. To determine the cause of higher costs on small farms, the cost of milk production by farm size was decomposed into frontier and efficiency components with a stochastic cost curve using data on USA dairy farms. Although the frontier cost of production decreases with farm size, that cost reduction is not as pronounced as a cost curve that includes inefficiency. The higher cost of production on many smaller farms is caused by inefficiency rather than technology.     

Small Banks, Small Business, and Relationships: An Empirical Study of Lending to Small Farms

We examine small banks lending to small farms. We find that relationships, as measured by the length of tenure of farm operators, are positively related to bank lending. We also find that de novo banks have a positive tendency to lend to small farms. When existing relationships between borrowers and incumbent lenders are stronger, de novo banks have greater difficulties in lending to small farms. We further find that, even within the category of small banks, lending to small farms (as a percentage of a banks assets) tends to decrease as the bank increases in size.     

A Production Model With Firm-Specific Temporal Variation in Technical Inefficiency: With Application to Spanish Dairy Farms

This paper introduces a stochastic frontier production model which accommodates firm-specific temporal variation in technical inefficiency. Unlike Cornwell, Schmidt and Sickles (1990), technical inefficiency is not modeled through the intercept of the production frontier, but through an error component model. The proposed model is a generalization of the Battese and Coelli (1992) model, which imposed a common temporal pattern upon all firms. In our application involving Spanish dairy farms, we find that the new model is preferred to the Battese and Coelli (1992) model on the basis of the likelihood ratio test. Results provide a new source of information on the different patterns of technical inefficiency change among the 82 farms in the sample.     

农业综合开发与耕地保护

本文讨论了农业综合开发和耕地保护的概念,论述了农业综合开发与耕地保护的关系及农业综合开发对耕地保护的作用,分析了当前存在的问题并提出了相应的对策。     

Rapid land use change by coastal wind farm development: Australian policies,politics and planning

The siting of both onshore and offshore wind farms has caused controversy in a number of countries, particularly in Europe, which currently has the world’s largest array of offshore wind turbines. Like the rest of the world there has been a dramatic increase in wind farm development In Australia over the last two decades but none of this has occurred in the offshore environment. Australian wind farms are predominantly located onshore around the southern part of the continent where wind energy is high. This has specifically affected rural coasts where it has created planning and land use policy issues along with environmental impacts and associated public and political reaction. This paper examines the geographic spread, timing and concentration of Australian wind farms around the coast. It also examines the extent to which scientific knowledge on wind farm impacts is incorporated into different state and federal land use and environmental policy and legislative frameworks. The paper concludes that the rapidity in the expansion of the Australian wind energy sector has outpaced strategic land use planning resulting in a piece-meal and cumulative wind farm development on rural coasts.     

农村金融支持影响家庭农场培育的机理与实效--基于金融支持来源视角的实证检验

基于金融支持来源视角,从家庭农场培育资金需求的内部与外部来源出发,构建农村金融支持影响家庭农场培育机理模型,并采用多元Logit方法对不同来源的农村金融支持效果进行实证检验。结果表明：政府提供的通用性金融支持、金融机构提供的专用性金融支持和农场自有资金对家庭农场的培育具有显著影响,其中家庭农场自有资金的影响最明显;文化程度、交通条件、农技指导、产权制度、责任归属制度等也是家庭农场培育的重要影响因素。这为农村金融支持方向提供了实证证据。     

国有林场改革试点相关问题探析——以浙江省淳安县国有林场为例

国有林场改革试点为国有林场涅重生带来了历史性机遇。结合浙江省淳安县国有林场实际,提出国有林场改革的指导思想和总体目标及基本原则;从理顺国有林场管理体制、推进资源整合重组、定性定编定经费、完善社会保障体系、妥善解决历史债务、加强基础设施建设、创新管理经营机制、加强森林资源管理等方面把握国有林场改革方向,融入国家经济社会发展大局。     

湛江农垦蔗糖产业现代化生产与管理的探讨简

分析湛江农垦蔗糖产业的发展现状及存在的影响蔗糖产业发展效益的主、客观因素,对湛江农垦加快现代化蔗糖产业发展提出一些生产和管理上的措施与建议。