我国外来生物入侵的原因及解决对策研究

近年来，外来生物的入侵对我国工农业生产和人们的饮食起居带来极大的负面影响，渔业水域中的外来生物也是与日俱多，有的已经形成面污染。本文从分析生物入侵的理论原因、水生生物入侵的原因着手，试探性地提出防止和解决生物入侵的对策与建议。     

生物资源的法律保护

我国现有的生物资源保护立法处于零碎、分散、缺漏的状态，缺乏一些必需的基本规范。应制定生物多样性法，明确生物资源归属的主权原则，确立知情同意和利益共享机制；并修改专利法，规定专利申请中的来源披露制度和来源审查机制。     

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺及影响因子

介绍了传统生物脱氮工艺和短程硝化一反硝化工艺原理，提出了短程硝化反硝化的关键是如何控制硝化过程中NO2^--N的积累。分析了影响NO2^--N积累的主要因素为温度、游离氨、pH值、溶解氧、有害物质和泥龄，提出了实现短程反硝化的控制条件。     

茶陵云阳国家森林公园生态旅游资源开发初探

湖南茶陵云阳国家森林公园旅游资源原始生态性突出,总体品味较高,具有一定的区域独占性,开发潜力大。文章通过制定生态旅游规划,统一生态旅游思想,理顺管理体制,完善政策配套,培养和强化当地人民生态旅游意识等策略促进其生态旅游资源的开发,造福当地经济。     

不同氮形态及浓度对湿地小叶章生长和氮素吸收的影响

氮素生物地球化学循环已成为全球变化研究的热点问题,氮素有效性是调控全球变化反馈机制的重要因子.本研究以三江平原典型湿地—小叶章湿地为研究对象,采用15N示踪技术,通过野外原位控制实验,研究不同形态及浓度氮素,植物—土壤系统中氮素形态的时空分布格局.结果表明,(1)不同氮形态及浓度处理对小叶章生长指标具有显著差异.叶和茎...     

哈尔滨市设施蔬菜土壤硝酸盐污染改良剂的应用效果研究

针对哈尔滨市辖区部分设施蔬菜土壤硝酸盐污染现状,在五常市五常镇、香坊区光明村蔬菜基地开展硝酸盐污染改良剂的应用研究,通过田间小区试验,研究4种改良剂产品对种植土壤硝酸盐、硝态氮含量,番茄产量、硝酸盐含量及品质的影响。结果表明:4种处理对土壤中硝酸盐和硝态氮含量影响均呈现明显下降趋势,较对照(CK)达显著水平,其中腐植酸+EM菌+双氰胺(HA+EM+DCD)处理效果最为显著,其次为处理EM+DCD、HA+DCD和DCD;番茄产量HA+EM+DCD处理效果最为显著,两地番茄产量为106.11kg/20m2和97.26kg/20m2,比CK增产11.2%和21.7%,达到显著性差异(P0.05);4种处理对番茄中硝酸盐含量降幅均达40%以上,处理EM+DCD、HA+EM+DCD好于处理DCD、HA+DCD,并达显著差异水平;3种处理对番茄Vc、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比均有促进作用,显著改善番茄品质,试验效果HA+EM+DCDHA+DCDEM+DCD。综合评价,改良剂的试验效果依次为HA+EM+DCDHA+DCDEM+DCDDCD。     

生物陶粒在水处理中的应用

阐述了陶粒的物化组成,介绍了生物陶粒在国内的应用现状,总结了生物陶粒对有机物、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、UV254、藻类、浊度、色度的去除效果,指出生物陶粒在水处理应用中需注意的问题及今后研究重点。     

浅谈机械加工行业含油废水的治理及回用

机械加工行业含油废水的治理一直是困扰企业环保工作的难题,以济南柴油机股份有限公司中水处理站建设和运行为例,根据污水处理的现有条件,并针对生产工艺产生废水的具体特点,同时参考国内外污水生物处理工艺的发展情况,进行方案比较,选出采用"活性滤料生物滤池"的实施处理工艺这一最佳方案,有效杜绝了厂区所排的废水对环境的污染,实现了社会和企业的双赢.     

Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity

The soil environment is likely the most complex biological community. Soil organisms are extremely diverse and contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services that are essential to the sustainable function of natural and managed ecosystems. The soil organism community can have direct and indirect impacts on land productivity. Direct impacts are those where specific organisms affect crop yield immediately. Indirect effects include those provided by soil organisms participating in carbon and nutrient cycles, soil structure modification and food web interactions that generate ecosystem services that ultimately affect productivity. Recognizing the great biological and functional diversity in the soil and the complexity of ecological interactions it becomes necessary to focus in this paper on soil biota that have a strong linkage to functions which underpin ‘soil based’ ecosystem services. Selected organisms from different functional groups (i.e. microsymbionts, decomposers, elemental transformers, soil ecosystem engineers, soil-borne pest and diseases, and microregulators) are used to illustrate the linkages of soil biota and ecosystem services essential to life on earth as well as with those associated with the provision of goods and the regulation of ecosystem processes. These services are not only essential to ecosystem function but also a critical resource for the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems. Research opportunities and gaps related to methodological, experimental and conceptual approaches that may be helpful to address the challenge of linking soil biodiversity and function to the provision of ecosystem services and land productivity are discussed. These include: 1) integration of spatial variability research in soil ecology and a focus on ‘hot spots’ of biological activity, 2) using a selective functional group approach to study soil biota and function, 3) combining new and existing methodological approaches that link selected soil organisms, the temporal and spatial dynamics of their function, and their contribution to the provision of selected ‘soil based' ecosystem services, 4) using understanding about hierarchical relationships to manage soil biota and function in cropping systems, 5) using local knowledge about plants as indicators of soil quality, remote sensing and GIS technologies, and plant-soil biota interactions to help understand the impacts of soil biota at landscape scale, and 6) developing land quality monitoring systems that inform land users about their land's ecosystem service performance, improve capacities to predict and adapt to environmental changes, and support policy and decision-making.