经济开发区生物质发电建设项目经济性评价

从生物质电站项目的建设期经济参数和运营期经济参数两个方面,构建生物质电站成本、收益、投资回收期计算模型。依据生物质发电相关经济参数,建立生物质电站经济效益计算模型。通过经济开发区生物质发电建设项目实例计算,对生物质经济、社会及环境效益进行系统分析,结果表明经济开发区生物质发电建设项目在技术、经济方面是可行的。     

Changing decisions in a changing landscape: How might forest owners in an urbanizing region respond to emerging bioenergy markets?

The global bioenergy market has considerable impacts on local land use patterns, including landscapes in the Southeastern United States where increased demand for bioenergy feedstocks in the form of woody biomass is likely to affect the management and availability of forest resources. Despite extensive research investigating the productivity and impacts of different bioenergy feedstocks, relatively few studies have assessed the preferences of private landowners, who control the majority of forests in the eastern U.S., to harvest biomass for the bioenergy market. To better understand contingent behaviors given emerging biomass markets, we administered a stated preference experiment to private forest owners in the rapidly urbanizing Charlotte Metropolitan region. Respondents indicated their preferences for harvesting woody biomass under a set of hypothetical market-based scenarios with varying forest management plans and levels of economic return. Our analytical framework also incorporated data from a previously-administered revealed preference survey and spatially-explicit remote sensing data, enabling us to analyze how individuals’ ownership characteristics, their emotional connection the forests they manage, and the spatial patterns of nearby land uses, influence willingness to grow bioenergy feedstocks. We found conditional support for feedstock production, even among woodland owners with no history of active management. Landowners preferred higher economic returns for each management plan. However low-intensity harvest options were always preferred to more intensive management alternatives regardless of economic return, suggesting that these landowners may be more strongly motivated by aesthetic or quality-of-life concerns than feedstock revenues. Our analysis indicated preferences were dependent upon individual and environmental characteristics, with younger, more rural landowners significantly more interested in growing feedstocks relative to their older and more urban counterparts. While this study focuses on one small sample of urban forest owners, our results do suggest that policy makers and resource managers can better inform stand-level decision-making by understanding how feedstock production preferences vary across populations.     

论能源植物的定义及其评价指标体系的建立

本文探讨并总结了能源植物的定义,认为能源植物是指具有较高合成能源或替代能源产品能力的植物,并根据用途分为4类:1.富含类似石油成分的能源植物;2.富含高糖、高淀粉和纤维素等碳水化合物或者碳氢化合物的能源植物;3.富含油脂和挥发油的能源植物;4.速生丰产薪炭植物。根据不同能源植物的类型建立了3个评价指标体系,分别是:1.富含油、淀粉、糖、橡胶等类能源植物评价指标体系;2.木质纤维素能源植物评价指标体系;3.薪炭能源植物评价指标体系,筛选出3个一级指标:能源含量、生物质产量和生态适应性。通过数据实践检验,表明建立的评价指标体系可基本满足能源植物筛选工作的需要。     

The use of real options valuation methodology in enhancing the understanding of the impact of climate change on companies

Climate change has in recent years gathered traction on the business, political and social agenda. From the business perspective, research has shown that climate change impacts on company value are uncertain, significant and strategically important. The challenge therefore is for the business community to apply financial valuation models that support the incorporation of the climate change impacts in strategic planning. However, the commonly used discounted cash flow techniques in capital budgeting are seen as failing to address the high levels of uncertainties inherent in climate change impacts. Real options thinking has been touted as having the potential to enhance understanding of these impacts via its direct handling of uncertainty, although not much research has been done to demonstrate this. Using an illustrative case study, this research presents an argument for introducing the real options approach, a new method for valuing options of future strategic action by companies in a setting that exhibits climate change impacts. The objective of this research is to contribute to the literature on strategic tools for addressing climate change and ultimately offer some management insights that can narrow the gap between finance theory and business practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Ecosystem and Economy: An Integrated Dynamic General Equilibrium Approach

A dynamic general equilibrium model is developed for analyzing economy-ecosystem interactions. It includes stock-flow relations of natural resources, species populations and pollution, and it provides a microfoundation of the growth of populations. Humans and (other) species compete for natural resources and (prey) biomass. Resource stocks, pollution and populations determine public ecosystem services which in turn affect all agents in both the ecosystem and the economy. We establish a benchmark market system encompassing Lindahl markets for ecosystem services and emission markets. We also analyze a system where those two types of markets break down (laissez-faire) and propose efficiency restoring policies.     

生物质发电CDM项目开发及监测实施要点分析

以我国第1个获得生物质发电CDM减排量签发的中节能宿迁项目为例，根据该项目实践经验，从CDM开发注册、运行监测到周期核证，分析讨论了CDM在生物质发电项目中的相关要点，包括CDM开发过程、内容及基准线情形分析、运行监测流程及建立CDM监测管理体系等。对于同类项目将具有参考和借鉴意义。     

中国人工林碳汇研究进展

人工林是中国森林的重要组成部分,且人工林能吸收大气中CO2成为碳汇。总结了人工林生态生物量测定方法及模型和土壤碳汇研究方法及模型,介绍了中国主要的人工林的固碳能力。指出现阶段人工林碳汇研究推绎到大尺度时存在的困难,应及时修订或验证已有的生物量———蓄积量模型,整合经验相对生长方程,将3S(GPS,RS和GIS)技术运用于生物量估算,提高估算结果的准确性和可信度。在计算碳汇时,应根据不同树种采用不同的转换系数。     

借力国际合作，民营企业逐鹿新能源高地——广东康达新能源设备股份有限公司国际合作成果调研报告

我国新能源产业呈现强劲发展势头,装机容量飞速增长,但与火电相比,新能源发电装机还有很大差距。康达新能源设备股份有限公司作为一家民营企业,投入大量的人力、物力,投身于新能源与低碳经济产业,开展国际顶尖技栅发,主攻太阳能热发电和生物质能综合利用。在科技部国际科技合作专项的支持下,该公司承担《槽式太阳能热发电关键设备技术合作研究》、《适应于中式餐厨垃圾厌氧消化工艺及菌种的研发》等国际合作项目,先后与意大利、荷兰开展合作,引进研发核心技术,填补国内空白．果断完成产业转型升级,成为国内生物质能产业的先锋和太阳能热发电产业的首创,获得重要的技术成果和显著的产业化成效,为我国民营企业通过国际合作完成产业转型升级提供了很好的典范。     

我国生物质能政策综合分析

对我国生物质能的相关政策,从法律法规到部门规章进行了系统整理,包括发文的部门、时间及政策简述等。主要按照能源政策和财税政策两大类别,对政策着力点进行了概括。最后,从政府助力、示范试点、国际合作三个方面提出了相关政策建议。     

某生物质发电项目锅炉补给水处理系统设计

近年来，国内外发电行业对资源丰富、可再生性强、有利于改善环境和可持续发展的生物质资源的开发利用给予了极大的关注。文章针对国内某生物质发电项目锅炉补给水处理系统进行简要介绍。