Dynamic Supply Response and Welfare Effects of Technological Change on Perennial Crops: The Case of Cocoa in Malaysia

Modern biotechnology will generate crops with higher yields and enhanced resistance to pests and diseases. In the case of perennial crops, the age composition of the present stand, the farmers' willingness to invest, and the yield profiles of old and new trees determine the speed of adoption of the new technology and the timing of the effects on supply and demand conditions. We adapt conventional welfare measures to account for these factors in the Assessment of research induced supply shifts. The application to cocoa in Malaysia shows that consumers and adopting producers gain and non-adopters lose. Overall, 72% of the welfare gains go to the consumers.     

生物工程技术基础实验教学改革的探索

结合近年来生物工程技术基础实验的开设和完成情况的工作经验的总结,对该课程实验教学的内容和方法进行改革,即为转变教学观念,增加实验课的比重;课堂教学与实验教学相辅相成;培养学生良好的实验习惯及改革实验课程考核方式,从而更好地达到开设生物工程技术基础实验的目的。     

印度生物技术发展综述

印度政府比较早地认识到了生物技术对于发展经济和保障民生所具有的巨大潜力,本文分析研究了印度为发展生物技术所采取的方针政策和措施及其取得的成效,包括在政府中设立的主管部门,制定的生物技术发展战略,实施的多项促进生物技术发展计划,突出介绍了生物农业、生物制药等领域取得的成绩,在注重人才培养、搭建平台、推动生物技术成果转化等方面的经验,同时也提出了印度发展生物技术面临的机遇和挑战。     

Emerging Australian Biotechnology Companies: Globalizing or Just Playing?

The biotechnology industry is seen as one of the most globalized. It is also an industry dominated by SMEs in most countries. It would be expected then that these biotechnology SMEs themselves would be global in their focus. It is the intent of this research to understand the globalization issues that are encouraging biotechnology companies to go global, whether these companies really are truly global companies, and if not, at which stage of the globalization process these companies are operating. The study is undertaken using secondary quantitative data on all the publicly listed biotechnology companies in Australia that have undertaken some form of internationalization, based on 2003/4 annual reports. The main conclusion from the research is Australian biotechnology companies are still in an immature stage of development in the globalization process. The companies’ market strategies are directed at profitable countries and regions, such as the USA and Europe. This neglects other markets that are more accessible and can provide much needed early income streams. The internationalization effort of Australian biotechnology companies is only partial and could not be considered to be a true globalization effort.     

Product attributes,consumer benefits and public approval of genetically modified foods

The use of biotechnology in food production has generated considerable debate involving the benefits and risks associated with its use. Consumer acceptance of genetically modified foods is a critical factor that will affect the future of this technology. Using data from a national survey, this study examines how public acceptance of food biotechnology is related to consumers’ socioeconomic and value attributes as well as the benefits associated with the use of this technology. Empirical results suggest that consumer acceptance of food biotechnology increases considerably when the use of this technology brings tangible benefits for the public. Consumers with different socioeconomic and demographic attributes have diverging views of food biotechnology only when its use brings specific benefits to them. When the use of genetic technology confers no additional benefit, public attitudes towards genetically modified foods are driven primarily by their scientific knowledge, views of scientists and corporations associated with biotechnology as well as public trust and confidence in government.     

Trends affecting the next generation of U.S. agricultural biotechnology: Politics, policy, and plant-made pharmaceuticals

This paper analyzes the structure and history of regulatory policies in the United States, focusing on recent regulatory changes due to the promise and threat posed by plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs). PMPs are the latest advance in the genetic engineering of plants and promise to produce medicines inexpensively and abundantly by using a range of different plants as factories to express active medicinal ingredients; however, PMPs may pose a risk to the public's health if they enter the food supply. How the benefits and risks of PMPs are addressed by the respective government's regulation and how this will affect what, if any, products make it to the marketplace and their ultimate success are of great concern to many different parties, ranging from consumers and farmers to health and food production industries. As a result, this paper addresses the history of agricultural biotechnology regulatory policy since 1972, arguing that three distinct periods may be identified: (1) from 1972 to 1986 when the new biotechnology was focused on scientific self-regulation in the laboratory; (2) from 1987 to 2002, as the technology was being developed and widespread release of certain technologies became more common and was not perceived as an environmental threat, regulations became increasingly laxer; and finally, (3) we argue that we are entering a third phase with a series of controversies over regulatory infractions involving genetically engineered (GE) plants and the potential threats posed by PMPs.     

中国生物产业的现状及发展对策

文章扼要论述了中国生物技术产业的现状，分析了发展生物技术产业的优势，概括为：广大的市场，丰富的资源，悠久的文化传统，有相对优势的知识产权，有潜力的研究队伍和优惠的政策；还讨论了存在的问题；缺乏强有力的内行投资人，技术持有者错位，界定不清的知识产权，不够成熟的技术以及市场不够规范，文章最后对生物技术产业发展提出了一些对策。     

近10年京津冀地区农业科技发展态势分析

［目的］随着京津冀一体化协同发展的深入推进,近年来京津冀地区现代农业的发展在实践和创新中突飞猛进。通过调研分析京津冀农业科技发展现状及近10年农业领域的科技文献,挖掘该地区的农业核心科研机构,判读农业科技热点和新兴技术等发展态势,旨在为京津冀地区未来农业科技发展布局和政策的制定提供信息支撑。［方法］文章分别选取2008—2018年北京市、天津市和河北省的SCI和CPCI论文,运用DDA和VOSviewer等文献计量可视化软件,结合EI算法、Cosine算法和共词分析算法,对比分析3省市的农业科技发展态势。［结果］研究结果表明,在土地、水资源和农业就业人员等条件相对缺乏的情况下,京津冀地区现代农业的发展得益于科技的投入和科研的进步,其中北京市是京津冀地区中对科技高端人才、资源和经费投入最多的地区,在现代农业科技创新研究和科技发展态势方面,生物技术及相关研究是京津冀地区农业领域近年来的研究热点和发展方向。［结论］中央和地方政府应进一步优化京津冀地区的农业发展政策、重点发展领域、科研经费使用和科研机构配置。     

药品生物技术专业贯通培养外培项目高职阶段课程体系设置研究

2015年,北京市教委启动了高端技术技能人才贯通培养试验项目,其中的外培项目对接国外应用技术大学,课程体系设置既要符合国内的人才培养需要,又要对接国外的培养模式与要求,是贯通培养项目课程设置的重点和难点。以药品生物技术专业贯通培养外培(对接德国)项目为例,在对比中德两国职业教育特点的基础上,对该项目高职阶段培养目标的确定、课程体系的构建和专业重点课程教学大纲的制定等进行了研究和实践,从而为实现药品生物技术专业人才培养的国际化、高端化、技术化和技能化进行创新性探索。