International evidence on the impact of regulations and supervision on banks’ technical efficiency: an application of two-stage data envelopment analysis

This study uses a sample of 715 banks from 95 countries and two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to provide international evidence on the impact of regulations and supervision approaches on banks’ efficiency. We first use DEA to estimate technical and scale efficiency. We then use Tobit regression to investigate the impact of several regulations related to capital adequacy, private monitoring, banks’ activities, deposit insurance schemes, disciplinary power of the authorities, and entry into banking on banks’ technical efficiency. We estimate several specifications while controlling for bank-specific attributes and country-level characteristics accounting for macroeconomic conditions, financial development, market structure, overall institutional development, and access to banking services. In several cases, the results provide evidence in favour of all three pillars of Basel II that promote the adoption of strict capital adequacy standards, the development of powerful supervisory agencies, and the creation of market disciplining mechanisms. However, only the latter one is significant in all of our specifications. While the remaining regulations do not appear to have a robust impact on efficiency, several other country-specific characteristics are significantly related to efficiency.

PORTFOLIO SELECTION PROBLEMS VIA THE BIVARIATE CHARACTERIZATION OF STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE RELATIONS1

Stochastic dominance (SD) is a very useful tool in various areas of economics and finance. the purpose of this paper is to provide the results of SD relations developed in other areas such as applied probability which, we believe, are useful for many portfolio selection problems. In particular, the bivariate characterization of SD relations given by Shanthikumar and Yao (1991) is a powerful tool for the demand and the shift effect problems in optimal portfolios. the method enables one to extend many results that hold for the case where the underlying lying assets are statistically independent to the dependent case directly.     

Tests for zero inflation in a bivariate zero‐inflated Poisson model

The score test statistics for testing zero inflation and covariance parameter are proposed in the bivariate zero‐inflated Poisson (BZIP) regression model. The Monte Carlo studies show that the score test and likelihood ratio test for testing zero inflation underestimate the nominal significance level, while the score test for covariance parameter keeps the significance level close to the nominal one. To overcome this nominal level underestimation, we propose a bootstrap method of the score test for the testing problem of zero inflation. An empirical example with covariates is provided to illustrate the results. In addition, score test for zero inflation is also proposed in the BZIP model, which allows a flexible dependence structure using copula.     

A Sample Selection Model of Consumer Adoption of Computer Banking

We develop a bivariate probit selection model of consumer access and adoption that accounts for the cross equation correlations of the errors. The Survey of Consumers, collected by the University of Michigan, is the database used to estimate the model. We find a significant cross equation correlation between consumers perceived access and their use of computer banking. Based on our results, the bivariate selection model provides asymptotically more efficient estimates than does a single equation model because the bivariate selection model accounts for the sample selection bias associated with access. In addition, the bivariate selection model has a higher percentage of correctly predicted adopters than does the corresponding single equation (univariate) model.     

基于数据包络分析方法(DEA-Tobit)的城市电子商务服务业效率评价——以淘宝网为例

利用数据包络分析方法评价浙江11个城市电子商务服务业的效率,从投入产出的角度,评价各城市电子商务服务业竞争力。再将综合效率值作为因变量,城市经济水平、产业规模、工业化水平、教育程度作为自变量进行Tobit回归,研究这4个因素对综合效率的影响程度。结果表明:城市经济水平与产业规模与综合效率相关性显著,均成正相关,工业化水平与教育程度与综合效率相关性不十分显著,且前者成负相关,后者成正相关。     

Land tenure, population pressure, and deforestation in Haiti: The case of Forêt des Pins Reserve

Haiti, with a forest cover estimated at 3% of all land area, has experienced severe degradation of its natural resources and a significant change in its land cover. While deforestation in Haiti is obviously multifaceted, one issue emerges from previous empirical analysis in explaining deforestation: land tenure. This study focuses on the causes of deforestation in Haiti, particularly in Forêt des Pins Reserve, using the annual average area of cleared forest per household as the dependent variable. Data were collected with the use of a survey instrument administered to 243 farm households in 15 villages inside the Reserve. Tobit Regression results reveal that household size, education of head of the household, land tenure regime, and farm labor are important factors affecting land clearing.     

出口贸易与自主创新——基于我国制造业企业的实证研究

本文从出口贸易与自主创新的视角,对出口是否促进了我国本土制造业企业的自主创新进行了系统考察,并提出了理论假设。借助于1999-2003年和2005-2007年间我国制造业企业的微观数据,采用Tobit模型,就我国制造业企业的出口行为是否具有"出口中学习"、是否具有促进企业自主创新的作用效应进行了实证检验,为转型时期出口导向发展战略能否促进我国经济可持续增长提供了一个可供识别的微观基础。研究发现在样本观察期内,企业的出口行为会对其自主创新活动产生复杂的影响。其中,企业规模是影响效果的关键因素,规模越大的企业出口的促进作用越明显,越小的企业出口反而具有抑制作用。同时,2005年以来的出口贸易政策的调整对自主创新具有积极的推动作用。更进一步,按产业特性对比研究两个样本期内企业出口行为,发现不同产品特性的产业出口与自主创新关系存在显著差异,这就为从更深入角度全面考察企业出口与自主创新之间可能具有的复杂相互关系。     

中国上市银行绩效分析

通过数据包络分析(DEA)模型对14家全国性上市银行2006年～2008年的效率水平进行总体分析与评价,在此基础上对银行经营效率的可能影响因素进行理论假设,并进行检验.研究结果显示,样本期间内我国上市银行经营效率普遍呈上升趋势,在其四个主要因素中,银行资产质量越高,即银行不良贷款比率越低,银行"上市"对其效率产生影响越显著.     

Operating Efficiency of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan by Taking Into Account Congestion

ABSTRACT

This study measures the congestion efficiency of 69 international tourist hotels (ITHs) in Taiwan between 1998 and 2009. Out of 69 ITHs, 62 faced a congestion situation and the number of guest rooms and total floor spaces of the catering divisions are the main congesting factors. The distance to a mass rapid transit station, pick-up service, and established years have significantly negative effects on congestion efficiency of ITHs, while the distance to nearest airport has a significantly positive impact on efficiency. American and Japanese tourists, independent ownership, and rural location significantly help improve an ITH’s efficiency.     

Don't change my towels please: Factors influencing participation in towel reuse programs

Towel reuse is the flagship of hotel environmental practices. This paper examines the effects of consumer demographic, psychographic and behavioral characteristics influencing a two-stage decision making process including participation and support to a towel reuse program. A meta-analysis shows that 53% of customers are willing to financially support green hotels. A survey of 1304 Greek and foreign hotel customers in tourism hot spots in Greece reveals that 72% of hotel customers would adopt a towel reuse program while 44.1% are willing to pay extra an average of 2.15 euros per day to support it. Younger customers and customers that book high-priced hotels or with higher length of stay exhibit higher willingness to pay extra for towel reuse programs. As rising water and energy shortages in specific tourism hotspots bring hotels' environmental integration under increased scrutiny, the focal findings hold significant implications for hotel managers and tourism policy makers.