Is centralization a solution to the soft budget constraint problem?

This paper focuses on the centralization program implemented in Israel in 2004 to analyze whether the administrative subordination of municipalities is an effective policy to deal with problems related to soft-budget constraint of lower level governments. The results consistently show, for different specifications and samples of municipalities, that this program brought a substantial decrease of municipalities’ expenditures (mostly because of decreases in salary payments), and an increase of local property tax collection. Our analysis shows that all of the fiscal impact of the program is due to the appointment of an accountant that reports directly to the central government, a relatively mild form of administrative subordination. In contrast, more intrusive forms of subordination, like the central imposition of a recovery program, do not result in any substantial improvement of municipalities’ fiscal situation. This leads us to conclude that a mild form of administrative subordination is an effective tool to cope with problems related to soft-budget constraints, whereas political subordination is not an effective tool to reach that goal.     

中国企业转型过程的福利经济学性质

讨论中国企业产权变革的文献强调了政府在企业产权变革中的主动地位,却没有把企业“议价实力”的变化及其影响纳入到分析之中。本文描述了中国企业产权变革的过程,证明了中国企业产权变革过程具有帕累托改进性质;认为中国企业的产权转移是动态的,谈判过程中谈判条件是变化的:产权转移为企业扩张提供了条件,企业扩张为产权转移提供了动力。     

论公共理财过程中预算假设理论选择

公共理财实践要求政府在当前服务预算、固定最高限额预算和＂无限制＂预算三种预算假设理论中做出选择.不同层次的预算管理目标模式和编制技术方法构成了选择预算假设时的契入点和支撑点.在控制总投入的管理模式下,其所遵循的预算假设是满足当前服务预算或最高限额预算,此时必然采用传统渐进式的编制方法;控制产出和结果的管理模式则要求遵循＂无限制＂预算假设,理性预算的编制技术方法得以应用.     

地调项目设计预算编制与审查中的几个问题

地质调查项目专项经费属国家推行部门预算管理的对象,实行地质调查项目设计预算管理,是地质调查项目专项经费管理的重要手段.把握好设计预算的编制、审查、修改、批复与执行五个环节是预算管理工作的核心.本文仅就如何做好设计预算编制工作中值得注意的六个方面工作与设计预算审查的有关问题做了些探讨.     

Does the budget process matter for infrastructure spending? Capital budgeting in local government

Investment in long-term capital projects plays an increasingly important role in improving the quality of many public services, as well as promoting economic development. Using data on capital spending and capital budget structures in county governments in Georgia, USA, this paper explains how a separate capital budget protects infrastructure spending in times of fiscal distress. The author found little evidence that county governments with a separate capital budget spent more than those without a capital budget.     

发电企业基于作业成本管理的弹性预算法

就提出的一种基于作业成本管理的弹性预算法,论述了其原理、算法以及在发电企业中应用的可行性。并在最后用一个案例来说明这种方法的使用程序及其有效性和合理性。     

国有资本经营预算与国有企业发展--基于丝绸之路经济带核心区建设的视角

新疆作为丝绸之路经济带核心区,其地方上市公司中有一半是国有企业,如何通过国有资本经营预算来发挥国有企业的优势,是一个值得探讨的课题。故本文在梳理新疆国有资本经营预算发展历程的基础上,主要从理论与数据两个方面分析了新疆国资预算与国企发展之间的关系,最后给出相应建议与对策,以期进一步优化国资预算管理,助推国企改革与发展,助力"丝绸之路经济带核心区"建设。     

政府部门预算支出管理制度改革的路径选择——基于新制度经济学的解析

转轨时期的我国政府部门预算支出管理制度,兼有与计划经济相适应的投入控制型预算管理制度和与市场经济相适应的政府绩效预算管理制度的双重特征;政府部门预算支出管理制度改革的路径选择,反映了当前公共财政制度体系改革的核心价值取向.借鉴新制度经济学理论,部门预算支出绩效管理是政府预算管理拟合市场制度的改革,将极大地降低预算管理的交易成本;有控制的部门预算支出绩效管理改革是我国政府预算管理制度变迁的客观需要,具有诱使性和强制性两种制度变迁的综合特征,也体现了渐进式制度变迁的特点.     

国内商业银行预算管理研究现状及启示

预算管理是引导企业上下协调一致实现经营目标的重要手段。目前,国内主要商业银行均面临持续提升盈利能力的压力。要实现经营效益的可持续增长,一个重要的切入点就是继续强化预算管理,而预算管理水平的提高有赖于理论指导和实践经验总结。从目前国内研究状况来看,一般工商企业视角下的预算管理研究已经较为充分,但商业银行视角下的预算管理研究却相对滞后。本文在详细梳理国内商业银行预算管理的相关研究文献后指出后续研究可从预算管理环境、预算管理基础体系、预算管理机制、预算编制执行与业绩评价管理、实际案例剖析等方面展开。     

Accounting and governance in the final years of the Papal States: Dual roles in the papacy of Pius IX (1846–1870)

The Papal States represent a unique and long period in Italian government and in the government of the Roman Catholic Church prior to Italy's unification in 1870. The 25-year period prior to unification was a particularly tumultuous period when the Papal States struggled for survival, faced military and popular challenges and became increasingly indebted. Accounting could become an important tool to assist decision-making and enhance the Papal States' sustainability, as shown by the governance reforms promulgated by Pope Pius IX in this period. Nevertheless, accountants chose what to make visible and emphasised secular, rather than the sacred aspects of the Papal States. Despite reforms, there was a disconnection between the leaders and the accountants. This research therefore examines the role of accounting in such an institution, and extends the concept of a sacred-secular divide to a state government beset by resource constraints and challenged to fulfil its spiritual aims.