家庭消费碳排放影响因素及其变化趋势分析——以陕西省为例

以陕西省2003—2017年数据为样本,建立LMDI模型分析各因素对陕西省家庭消费碳排放的影响及其变化趋势。结果表明,家庭消费效应、住房面积效应和家庭规模效应是造成家庭碳排放上升的正向推动因素,而碳排放强度效应、消费抑制效应和居住密度效应对家庭碳排放具有负向影响;2003—2017年,碳排放强度效应呈“U”型变化趋势,家庭消费效应、家庭规模效应和住房面积效应呈上升趋势,消费抑制效应和居住密度效应呈下降趋势。政府制定碳减排政策时可从碳排放贡献率较大的家庭消费、住房面积和家庭规模等方面着手,有针对性地缓解日益增长的家庭消费碳排放。     

Emissions permit allocation and strategic firm behavior: Evidence from the oil sector in the European Union emissions trading scheme

With the growing urgency of climate change, governments around the world are increasingly implementing new regulations for greenhouse gases. This trend elevates the importance of examining how firms engage in strategic efforts to influence regulations before they are in place and how they respond once they are in effect (i.e., their ex‐ante and ex‐post strategic behavior). This paper examines the outcomes of such strategic efforts by multinational and domestic oil companies within the European Union emissions trading scheme. An analysis of a panel dataset of oil firms (2008–2012) shows that on average the outcome of ex‐ante strategies did not differ significantly between multinational companies (MNCs) and domestic firms. However, the findings indicate that among those firms that received positive net benefits from the new climate policy, domestic firms were able to maximize these benefits better than MNCs through their ex‐post strategies. In contrast, among the firms that faced net costs due to the policy, MNCs were able to minimize these costs better than domestic firms, ex‐post. This paper advances our understanding of whether and to what extent MNCs differ from domestic firms in their economic outcomes stemming from strategic behavior related to emissions trading. This question is especially pertinent for regulations related to climate change, which is one of humanity's grand challenges and has important consequences for our economic, social, and political systems.     

Algorithmic market making for options

In this article, we tackle the problem of a market maker in charge of a book of options on a single liquid underlying asset. By using an approximation of the portfolio in terms of its vega, we show that the seemingly high-dimensional stochastic optimal control problem of an option market maker is in fact tractable. More precisely, when volatility is modeled using a classical stochastic volatility model—e.g. the Heston model—the problem faced by an option market maker is characterized by a low-dimensional functional equation that can be solved numerically using a Euler scheme along with interpolation techniques, even for large portfolios. In order to illustrate our findings, numerical examples are provided.     

对我国碳汇林业发展之思考

在我国碳汇林业发展历程和发展现状的基础上分析在发展过程中遇到的集体林权制度改革等政策风险、交易与管理缺失导致的投资短缺问题、专业技术和人才缺失的技术壁垒和自然风险等一系列障碍,进而从问题根源角度提出了依国情落实相关政策和标准,规范交易机制管理机制,拓宽投资渠道,提高公民生态意识,加强碳汇林业多元化发展的建议。     

技术产权交易激励机制探析——以泰州市为例

通过对泰州市技术产权交易激励政策的梳理,研究激励现状,总结了技术产权交易市场存在的问题,结合有关激励理论和技术产权交易的影响因素,从政策、技术、中介、风险控制等多角度为技术产权交易激励机制构建提出建议。     

Hedging nontradable risks with transaction costs and price impact

A risk‐averse agent hedges her exposure to a nontradable risk factor U using a correlated traded asset S and accounts for the impact of her trades on both factors. The effect of the agent's trades on U is referred to as cross‐impact. By solving the agent's stochastic control problem, we obtain a closed‐form expression for the optimal strategy when the agent holds a linear position in U. When the exposure to the nontradable risk factor is nonlinear, we provide an approximation to the optimal strategy in closed‐form, and prove that the value function is correctly approximated by this strategy when cross‐impact and risk‐aversion are small. We further prove that when is nonlinear, the approximate optimal strategy can be written in terms of the optimal strategy for a linear exposure with the size of the position changing dynamically according to the exposure's “Delta” under a particular probability measure.     

Fast and slow cancellations and trader behavior

We investigate how short-lived liquidity supply due to order cancellations affects the order-placement behavior of slow traders. When order cancellations increase, slow traders submit fewer and less aggressive orders. Both short- and long-lived liquidity supply have positive effects on the market overall, reducing spreads and increasing depth. We conclude that it is not necessary to require limit orders to have a minimum lifespan. We develop econometric and machine-learning frameworks that allow traders to predict whether a quote is likely to have a short or long life, increasing the ability of slow traders to respond strategically to changing order flow.     

Does China’s emissions trading system foster corporate green innovation? Evidence from regulating listed companies

Carbon emissions trading system is expected to be both efficient and flexible in carbon reduction through green innovation. As the world’s largest CO₂ emitter, China has launched the emissions trading system (CN-ETS) since 2013 in 7 pilot areas and vowed to build a nation-wide system in the second half of 2017. This study provides preliminary evidence on the impact of the CN-ETS on green innovation and the moderating role of market competition on this relationship at the firm level. Based on data of regulating listed companies in seven pilots, the results show that CN-ETS is significantly positively correlated with green innovation, and market competition weakens the positive relationship, indicating that CN-ETS is effective in the aspect of green innovation, and the effect would be better in less competitive markets.     

电改环境下管输企业用电直接交易若干问题及应对措施

电力体制改革中提出的电力用户与发电企业直接交易改革举措有助于管输企业降低管输用电价格。梳理了目前管输企业用电直接交易现状,分析了制约管输企业用电直接交易的4个主要因素:直接交易准入标准不明确,合同管理尚不成熟,独立输配电价尚未形成,站场较为分散导致用电较为分散。基于此,提出了6项应对措施和建议:加强政策研究;积极与政府主管部门、电力公司、发电企业沟通;与优质发电企业建立长期合作关系;建立谈判策略;建立直接交易合同管理制度;注重风险防控。为管输企业参与直接购电提供参考。     

排污权交易对企业劳动力需求的影响及路径研究——基于中国碳排放权交易试点的准自然实验检验

中国高质量发展面临环境和就业双重压力，有必要深入研究环境规制对就业的影响。基于中国实施碳排放权交易试点这一准自然实验，采用倾向得分匹配和双重差分法估计碳排放权交易对受规制企业劳动力需求的影响及其可能路径，分析表明：碳排放权交易显著减少了工业碳的排放量，并对企业劳动力需求具有显著正向影响，促进生产规模扩大是碳排放权交易正向影响企业劳动力需求的有效路径之一。排污权交易可以实现环境和就业的“双重红利”。因此，政府应积极推进市场型环境规制的实施和推广，并不断完善市场机制，通过市场型环境规制的有效执行实现“改善环境”和“促进就业”的双重目标。