碳排放权会计核算差异下的涉税研判

分析了目前碳排放权会计处理现状及其差异,进而阐述了不同会计处理方法下的税务处理差异,并针对税务处理问题提出对策性建议,认为可以进行合理税务安排。     

碳经济业务的会计确认研究

企业的碳经济业务包括碳足迹核算、节能减排、碳固和碳排放权及其交易。除一般性的会计确认原则之外,碳会计的确认还应该遵守交叉性经济业务的分类确认原则、碳减排动机的淡化确认原则和简洁、独立而集中的确认原则。碳会计的确认会形成新的碳资产、碳负债、碳收益与碳费用。     

高原电解铝生产中高水分水合沥青焦油的成因分析

高原电解铝碳阳极生产中存在沥青烟气净化产生高水分水合焦油而无法直接利用的的技术难题。在研究生产实际的基础上,得出高原电解铝碳阳极生产中沥青烟气净化产生高水分水合沥青焦油的成因,主要为比电阻、气压、生产环节的影响,为进一步研究水合沥青焦油分离技术提供基础。     

公司价值信息集成的智能投资交易策略

将反映公司价值的众多指标集成为一个价值投资系数,建立公司价值信息集成的智能投资交易策略。利用2003—2012年中国股票市场的历史数据对该策略进行实证研究。结果表明:采取公司价值信息集成的智能投资交易策略能够获得显著的超额收益。     

当前排污权交易市场化机制的问题及对策研究

我国排污权管理存在法律法规不完善,政府与市场角色错位;全国性的排污权交易市场没有形成,交易制度不健全;市场化交易中排污主体和污染物指标覆盖有限;价格市场化信号弱,交易价格构成要素抽象等问题。文章通过对当前排污权交易存在的问题分析,提出了推动与新修订环保法配套法规的完善,发挥政府和市场的各自作用;建立全国性的排污权交易体系,完善市场化交易制度;实现污染物指标和排污主体梯度覆盖,建立目录清单制;强化总量管理,推动政府管理下市场化价格确定等具体对策。发挥市场化机制在节能减排、环境改善中的积极作用。     

动力煤期货交割模式探索

介绍了国内首次动力煤期货交易的背景及交易过程,指出了本次交易实现了动力煤期货交易的"三大探索""三大保证"和"两大结果",并对本次交易进行了深入的分析。     

Information‐Hedging Disclosures and Insider Trading

I model the effect of disclosure on the tradeoff between information risk, liquidity risk, and price risk for a well‐informed, risk‐averse insider. Revealing some information before trading decreases the variability of the insider's information advantage and thus reduces his information risk. Disclosure also lowers adverse selection costs for market makers, which reduces the insider's liquidity risk by increasing his trading flexibility. However, disclosure increases price risk for the insider because the price fully reflects the revealed information. The reduction in information and liquidity risks outweigh the rise in price risk when the insider is less risk averse because a less risk‐averse insider's information‐based motive for trading is stronger than his hedging motive. The opposite relation holds when the insider is more risk averse. Therefore, a less (more) risk‐averse insider experiences an increase (decrease) in welfare when he discloses some information before trading. Cost of capital and policy implications are identified.     

Low-latency trading

We define low-latency activity as strategies that respond to market events in the millisecond environment, the hallmark of proprietary trading by high-frequency traders though it could include other algorithmic activity as well. We propose a new measure of low-latency activity to investigate the impact of high-frequency trading on the market environment. Our measure is highly correlated with NASDAQ-constructed estimates of high-frequency trading, but it can be computed from widely-available message data. We use this measure to study how low-latency activity affects market quality both during normal market conditions and during a period of declining prices and heightened economic uncertainty. Our analysis suggests that increased low-latency activity improves traditional market quality measures—decreasing spreads, increasing displayed depth in the limit order book, and lowering short-term volatility. Our findings suggest that given the current market structure for U.S. equities, increased low-latency activity need not work to the detriment of long-term investors.     

On the Magnet Effect of Price Limits

The ‘magnet’ or ‘gravitational’ effect hypothesis asserts that, when trading halts are rule‐based, investors concerned with a likely impediment to trade advance trades in time. This behaviour actually pushes prices further towards the limit. Empirical studies about the magnet effect are scarce, most likely because of the unavailability of data on rule‐based halts. In this paper, we use a large database from the Spanish Stock Exchange (SSE), which combines intraday stock specific price limits and short‐lived rule‐based call auctions to stabilise prices, to test this hypothesis. The SSE is particularly well suited to test the magnet effect hypothesis since trading halts are price‐triggered and, therefore, predictable to some extent. Still, the SSE microstructure presents two particularities: (i) a limit‐hit triggers an automatic switch to an alternative trading mechanism, a call auction, rather than a pure halt; (ii) the trading halt only lasts 5 minutes. We find that, even when prices are within a very short distance to the price limits, the probability of observing a limit‐hit is unexpectedly low. Additionally, prices either initiate reversion (non limit‐hit days) or slow down gradually (limit‐hit days) as they come near the intraday limits. Finally, the most aggressive traders progressively become more patient as prices approach the limits. Therefore, both the price patterns and the trading behaviour reported near the limits do not agree with the price limits acting as magnetic fields. Consequently, we conclude that the switching mechanism implemented in the SSE does not induce traders to advance their trading programs in time.     

多边贸易机制的深层危机和中国的现实选择

多哈回合谈判无限期中止以后,多边贸易体制受到重大挫折。本文认为多边贸易体制面临的深层危机包括其自身的内在缺陷和国际经济环境的外部影响。接着,本文提出稳定发展的多边贸易体制符合中国的利益,进而提出了中国在多边困境下的现实选择。