BANKING AND BORROWING IN THE EU ETS: A REVIEW OF ECONOMIC MODELLING,CURRENT PROVISIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE DESIGN

Abstract This paper deals with the issue of banking and borrowing in the context of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) by attempting to provide a policy‐oriented unifying theoretical framework. After describing the main features of the EU ETS, the core part of the paper consists of variations of an intertemporal continuous time optimization model. Additional elements include flexibility measures currently discussed and proposed in other emissions trading systems (USA, Australia), which include the use of safety valves, minimum price auctioning or offsets from domestic or international projects.     

Transmission of Stock Returns and Volatility between the U.S. and Japan: Evidence from the Stock Index Futures Markets

In this paper, we examine the nature of transmission of stock returns and volatility between the U.S. and Japanese stock markets using futures prices on the S&P 500 and Nikkei 225 stock indexes. We use stock index futures prices to mitigate the stale quote problem found in the spot index prices and to obtain more robust results. By employing a two-step GARCH approach, we find that there are unidirectional contemporaneous return and volatility spillovers from the U.S. to Japan. Furthermore, the U.S.'s influence on Japan in returns is approximately four times as large as the other way around. Finally, our results show no significant lagged spillover effects in both returns and volatility from the Osaka market to the Chicago market, while a significant lagged volatility spillover is observed from the U.S. to Japan. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

唐山市低碳经济发展的路径选择与对策研究

发展低碳经济、推进绿色经济发展,已成为金融危机之后实现人类健康生存、经济社会持续发展的必然选择。本文是在前期对唐山低碳经济发展现状、问题、机遇及挑战的分析的基础上,提出未来唐山低碳经济发展的路径,通过技术、行政、市场机制的作用,实现能源低碳化及各行业低碳化,构建低碳绿色产业体系及其实现的具体对策措施。     

发电机的运行与维护浅析

发电机的正常检修及维护是实现发电机经济运行的重要保障。应根据发电机的运行工作特点,掌握发电机的运行规律,做好发电机组的日常检修和维护工作,以预防为主,尽量减少不必要的检修工作,以认真负责的态度对发电机的每一个组成部件进行日常维护,从而保证发电机的所有设备处于良好的状态。     

Characteristics of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in Northwest Iran – Tabriz

The study describes the epidemiology and characteristics of unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in Northwest Iran between 2007 and 2009 using multiple data sources including records of the main provider of emergency medical transportation, death certificate reports of the Legal Medicine Organization and through household surveys. A total of 1005 people were diagnosed with non-fatal CO poisoning. Ninety deaths were confirmed due to CO exposure. The ratio of unintentional CO-related poisoning cases in relation to all poisonings was 17.6%. Non-fatal CO poisoning was higher in females and adults aged 25–44 year olds, whereas the death rate was highest for those over 64 years. Domestic gas appliances were involved in 98% of non-fatal incidents and in all fatal poisonings, with gas water heaters (59.2%) and free-standing heaters (25.3%) being the most common causes of CO exposure. The main mechanisms of poisoning were faulty installations and defective devices. The main locations of incidents were the bathroom (48%) and living room (32%). Only 19% of the households reported that they were aware of the hazards of CO exposure before the incident, and no household reported having a CO detector at the time of the poisoning. The results suggest that interventions should be targeted at home environments and focus on at-risk groups such as women and elderly people. Setting stricter standards and environmental legislations and promotion of public awareness against the dangers of CO exposure are important considerations for overcoming this public health problem.     

财政支出竞争演进对居民福利水平的影响分析

随着经济、社会的发展，特别是中央政府考核标准的改变，财政支出竞争对居民福利的影响会有所变化。本文以此为出发点，将支出竞争分为初级和高级两阶段，通过博弈论和实证方法，研究支出竞争对居民福利的具体影响，研究发现以资本为目标的初级阶段损害了居民福利，而以资本、人才、制度等多重指标为目标的高级阶段则有利于居民福利的提高。     

论行之有效的节能措施能改善既有建筑内环境

文章以英国建筑设备工程师协会组织举办的＂CIBSECarbon 60＂竞赛为背景,通过对该协会的总部大楼进行调研,并运用Ecotect软件进行计算机模拟照明和热工环境计算及分析,比较建筑物改造前后的建筑能耗和回报周期,探讨行之有效的节能方法,以在改善室内环境的同时,达到减少60%碳消耗量的竞赛要求,希望对我国绿色建筑发展起到启示作用。     

基于模糊层次分析法的生态建筑评估体系研究——以兰州新区中建大厦为例

随着国家“双碳”战略目标的提出，建筑的设计与建造在向更为低碳的方向发展。为探求更理性更科学的生态建筑评估和建设方法，以双碳理念为背景，将国内外相关评估方法中建筑生态化方面注重因素和双碳理念下建筑生态化设计侧重点相结合，构建一个适合当前我国建筑领域的生态建筑评估指标体系。并以兰州新区中建大厦为对象，利用模糊层次分析法进行模糊评判和生态等级确定。经实证分析后结果表明，该评估体系能够准确地对生态建筑各项因素进行量化，并计算出建筑各指标的隶属度和建筑生态等级，对今后我国生态建筑评估体系的完善和生态建筑的建设具有借鉴意义。