The Effect Of Advertising Content Control On Advertising Effectiveness In The Different Forced Exposure Circumstance

With advances in new technology, various formats of online advertising (e.g., in-stream video advertising) often force e-consumers to watch the advertisement during their goal-oriented activities, and this advertising interruption often makes them feel intruded upon and irritated. To reduce such negative reactions toward involuntary advertising exposures, this study examines whether offering e-consumers the option to choose advertising content can influence ad effectiveness in different degrees of forced exposure circumstance. Using a 2 (advertising content control: customization option vs. no option) × 2 (level of forced exposure: pre-rolls vs. rich media banners) factorial experiment, the researcher noted that advertising customization features generate a greater sense of relevance and increased advertising memory, which in turn may lead to more positive attitudes toward the ad regardless of the levels of forced exposure. The findings have theoretical and practical implications on the use of involuntary advertising interruptions in the web interface.     

Income inequality and education revisited: persistence,endogeneity and heterogeneity

This article presents new results on the relationship between income inequality and education expansion – that is, increasing average years of schooling and reducing inequality of schooling. When dynamic panel estimation techniques are used to address issues of persistence and endogeneity, we find a large, positive, statistically significant and stable relationship between inequality of schooling and income inequality, especially in emerging and developing economies and among older-age cohorts. The relationship between income inequality and average years of schooling is positive, consistent with constant or increasing returns to additional years of schooling. While this positive relationship is small and not always statistically significant, we find a statistically significant negative relationship with years of schooling of younger cohorts. Statistical tests indicate that our dynamic estimators are consistent and that our identifying instruments are valid. Policy simulations suggest that education expansion will continue to be inequality reducing. This role will diminish as countries develop, but it could be enhanced through a stronger focus on reducing inequality in the quality of education.     

Productivity and international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States

This study looks at international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States. The most intuitive concept is that of price competitiveness. We calculate relative prices for 11 member states of the European Union and the United States for the period 1973–2002. We assume that markets are perfectly competitive and in long‐run equilibrium, so that the observed price always equals average total cost, as measured by the cost dual to the production function. This assumption is used in our calculation of relative competitiveness and productivity gaps between the European Union and the United States and in our decomposition of relative price movements between changes in relative input prices and changes in relative productivity levels.     

企业合作创新与组织层次的融合:基于界面管理的思考

合作创新是一种突破企业边界的外部技术协同活动,它涉及到一系列多层面主体在平行层次和跨层次的复杂交互活动。界面管理理论是研究这一问题的有效工具,它指导了如何在多主体间有效地协调和解决交互矛盾,最终提高界面目标实现的有效性。本文运用界面管理思想构建了一个企业合作创新的界面层次分析框架,将合作创新管理的关键定位于界面管理。合作创新包含两类界面横向界面和纵向界面。其中,横向界面是指伙伴企业平行层次的对等主体间的交互作用,包括企业间组织层界面、项目团队层界面和个体层界面;纵向界面则是指伙伴企业间垂直层次的、有行政隶属关系的不对等主体间的交互作用,包括项目团队与组织间的界面、个体与项目团队间的界面。这些界面的运行过程和特点表现了跨组织活动的运作机理,而对这些界面进行恰当有效地管理则直接决定企业合作创新的成果。     

基于中国特色的儿童玩具设计对儿童健康成长的影响

玩具伴随着儿童成长,是孩子最亲密的伙伴。本文从儿童生理和心理特征的角度出发,探讨儿童玩具设计的安全性、色彩的鲜明性以及设计出具有中国特色的儿童玩具,旨在为儿童创造健康、有益的玩具。     

闽台农业合作食品安全存在问题及其影响

本文通过对闽台两地的农产品存在的化学物质残留超标问题进行研究,尤其是福建食品化学物质残留超标问题更为严重。食品安全问题在一定程度上阻碍了闽台农业合作的深化发展。     

An experimental investigation of valuation change due to commonality in vertical product line extension

Commonality in product line design refers to using identical product features or modules in multiple products. The use of commonality in product line extensions is a growing practice in many industries. We consider vertical product line extensions to lower- and higher-end products, and study the effects of identical feature levels on consumers' evaluation of original products. Using a between-subject experimental design, we examine the effect of commonality using the bicycle as the example product. This experiment is then extended to eight different service and manufactured products. Results show that in many cases identical feature levels increase the perceived similarity between original and extension products. This influences the valuation of original products: valuation of the original low-end product increases while valuation of the original high-end product decreases. However, the amount of valuation change is not necessarily the same for the original low- and high-end products. This valuation change occurs regardless of buyers' knowledge level of the product and is sometimes moderated by a large difference in a differentiated feature.
This study suggests the importance of accounting for the demand-side effect of commonality in product design decisions. Change in customers' valuation may call for an adjustment in price—the price of a high-end product may have to be lowered due to valuation discount, and the price of a low-end product could be raised to take advantage of valuation premium. This change in valuation does not occur for every feature in every product. Therefore, by properly selecting the features that are identical, a firm may be able to take advantage of valuation premium without sacrificing valuation discount and enjoy the economies of scale in manufacturing and logistics due to commonality.     

目的地熟悉度对游客满意度评价及忠诚度的影响--以黄山风景区为例

文章以黄山风景区为例,使用结构方程模型法、K-Means聚类法与单因素方差法分析了旅游目的地熟悉度维度与程度对游客满意度评价与忠诚度的影响,发现信息熟悉的影响力远大于经历熟悉,而熟悉程度保持在较高水平时游客的满意度评价与忠诚度会更高,即在中国旅游产业发展背景下游客对目的地的熟悉程度还远没有达到“U”形的拐点水平。     

我国不同等级、不同区位城市医院的经营绩效比较研究

本文利用分类变量的数据包络分析法（DEA with Categorical Vailables）和数据包络分析法的产出导向模型（BCC模型）对我国26个省市的392家城市二级以上医院2004年和2005年的经营效率进行了分析与比较。分类DEA模型的研究结果表明．不同等级医院之间存在效率差异：高等级医院效率反而最低,低等级医院效率反而最高,这个结论与BCC模型得出的结论完全不同。这一结论揭示出我国医院经营中存在的两个制度性问题：一是我国医院等级评审制度的无效性;二是医院在经营过程中存在严重的资源浪费。然而．对于不同地区医院效率的评价,两种模型结果相似：东部地区医院经营效率高于中部和西部地区。     

财政风险层次论

市场经济中各种风险的合理配置对经济的有效运行是十分重要的。而在我们以往的经济分析中往往容易忽略这一问题。财政作为公共风险的最终承担,其承担的程度与整个制度结构密切相关。本从我国正处于经济体制转轨时期这一实际出发,以国民经济运行过程中的各种风险对财政造成影响的可能性和财政应承担的程度为标准,将财政风险划分为三个层次,逐一进行分析并提出相应的防范措施。