企业特征、高管薪酬结构与企业绩效

利用2005—2010年我国沪深两市A股非金融保险行业1654家上市公司的高管年度薪酬数据,结合企业特征,对不同类型企业的高管薪酬结构与企业绩效的关系进行了实证研究,细化锦标赛理论和行为理论在不同类型企业中可能形成的差异化实施效应。结果显示:我国不同类型的企业都比较适宜采用锦标赛理论制定高管薪酬激励政策,竞争性的高管薪酬结构对于提升企业绩效具有正面作用,均等化高管薪酬结构不利于企业的价值创造;相对于民营企业、小规模企业、低成长企业而言,我国国有企业、大规模企业、高成长企业更宜采用锦标赛理论设计企业高管薪酬结构。因此我国不宜对非金融保险行业国有企业的高管薪酬进行过度均等化的管制,否则会负面影响企业绩效提升和企业价值创造。     

少数民族外出务工决策的个人禀赋、家庭特征、制度因素分析

新疆少数民族农村富余劳动力转移是一个急待解决的命题。只有大量减少少数民族农村富余劳动力,民族聚居区的经济活跃才有希望,城乡协调可持续发展才有可能。依据528份新疆少数民族农民工样本的有序Probit模型分析可知:少数民族务工人员的"年龄、清真饮食、务工技能、语言沟通、父母是否健在、家庭年收入、户籍制度和城镇社会保障"对外出务工有显著影响。重视少数民族的个人禀赋、家庭特征差异以及制度安排,对于提升新疆少数民族农民工务工信心,促进少数民族农村富余劳动力合理有序转移具有重要意义。     

A discussion of the market and policy failures associated with the adoption of herbicide-tolerant crops

Weed control in the U.S. Midwest has become increasingly herbicide-centric due to the adoption of herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops in the 1990s. That integrated weed management (IWM) practices, including ecological and mechanical controls, are scarcely used is concerning. IWM would be a more sustainable form of farming for two reasons. First, it would reduce the negative health and environmental externalities associated with herbicide use. Second, it would reduce the selection pressure on weed populations and the development of weed resistance to some herbicides, thereby reducing the uncertainty of the long-term effectiveness of herbicidal weed control. In this context, we develop an economic framework to clarify the interplay among the different market failures that either contribute to the herbicidal ‘lock-in’ or make it problematic. We then analyse the evidence for and perceptions of these market failures based on twenty-four semi-structured interviews with farmers and experts conducted in 2017, as well as on discussions in the academic literature. To this end, we put into perspective the possible self-reinforcing effects in the adoption path of HT crops, such as increasing farm size, changes in farm equipment, increasing incentives for simplified crop rotations, and the loss of practical knowledge of IWM practices.     

Profitability and opportunity of conservation agriculture in acid savannah grasslands of Laos

In north-eastern Laos, the savannah grasslands of the Plain of Jars cover vast areas of potentially cultivable land. However, soil acidity, low inherent fertility, and the absence of alternatives to tillage represent significant constraints to the development of sustainable smallholder agriculture. Our objective was to evaluate the potential for conservation agriculture (CA) to enhance soil productivity and farming system profitability. A three-year rotation of rice/maize/soybean was tested under three fertilization levels and four agricultural systems: one conventional tillage-based (CT) system and three CA systems based on no-tillage with cover crops. After four cropping seasons, our results show that, compared with CT, CA systems led to similar-to-higher grain production, similar-to-higher profits, higher opportunity of livestock system intensification, and higher labour productivity regardless of fertilization levels. While CA represents a relevant alternative to current practices, our results suggest that its contribution to the emergence of a sustainable smallholder agriculture is conditioned by broader institutional transformations, including the enrolment of local manufacturers and traders for deploying no-till implements and seed market channels for cover crops, long-term public support to maintain active research and technical mentoring to farmers, and possibly the integration of ecosystem services in agricultural policy.     

全国属地化地勘单位发展分析

对2007--2012年地勘行业代表性发展数据作统计分析,总结出属地化地勘单位发展的十个特点：回归主业趋势明显;商业性勘察市场空前繁荣;工程勘察与施工业市场稳定;矿业开发收入和矿业权转让收入明显减少;资质建设水平大幅提升;省级地勘基金发挥重要作用;属地化管理的地勘单位包袱重;属地化管理的地勘单位勘查施工及科研能力弱;内部改革取得阶段性成果;对外开放步伐加快。对属地化地勘单位发展的七点启示：积极争取地方政府的支持;坚定发展地质勘查主业;高度重视工勘与施工市场;积极发展地质延伸产业;大力加强资质建设;坚定实施“走出去”战略;保持地勘队伍的合理规模;改革不宜搞“一刀切”。     

CFO事务所经历与公司自愿信息披露——基于业绩预告的经验证据

CFO作为公司财务负责人,对公司盈余信息披露具有重要影响。基于业绩预告披露视角,以2006—2020年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,探究CFO事务所经历对公司自愿信息披露的影响,研究发现,CFO有事务所经历的公司更倾向于自愿发布业绩预告并提高业绩预告精确度。并且,上述效应在CFO有“四大”会计师事务所经历时更为显著。横截面分析发现,当外部环境不确定性较高或公司信息环境较差时,CFO事务所经历更可能通过自愿发布精确度高的业绩预告来改善信息环境。业绩预告异质性分析表明,CFO有事务所经历的公司会发布更及时、高频和准确的盈余信息,从而提高业绩预告披露质量。     

Testing assumptions underlying economic research on transgenic food crops for Third World farmers: Evidence from Cuba, Guatemala and Mexico

Transgenic crop varieties (TGVs) are being promoted as essential for improving small-scale Third World (SSTW) agriculture. Most economic research on this topic makes critical, untested assumptions, including that farmers will choose TGVs over other varieties because TGVs are economically optimal and because farmers are risk neutral profit maximizers. We tested these assumptions using data from a survey of 334 farmers in 6 communities in Cuba, Guatemala and Mexico in which farmers ranked 4 real and hypothetical maize varieties for eating and sowing. Our results did not support these assumptions. Most farmers preferred farmer varieties for sowing and especially for eating, avoiding TGVs, a preference associated with being risk averse and with non-monetary preferences. Farmers more integrated into modern agriculture were more likely to choose TGVs. These results suggest that farmers most in need of support and most important for conserving genetic diversity are least favorable toward TGVs, and that alternative ways of improving SSTW agriculture should receive more attention.     

我国国企雇佣关系的合法性特征及其改革路径

企业在经营过程中面临技术环境和制度环境。技术环境要求企业提高生产效率,获取更多利润;制度环境要求组织采取社会认可的组织和制度,提高合法性。合法性是国有企业雇佣关系的基础。从合法性角度出发,我们不难理解国有企业雇佣目标多样化、封闭性、平均性等特征。合法性特征妨碍了国有企业雇佣关系市场化改革的进程。基于以上分析,本文提出了国有企业雇佣关系应该实现从封闭式向开放式,从合法性向效率化进行转变的建议。     

出口需求对景德镇陶瓷特色产业集群的影响

为了满足海外消费者的需要,景德镇陶瓷产业集群在不断改变产品结构、提高产品质量、降低成本、适应市场的同时,自身也得到了发展。顾客需求的变化迫使群内企业为满足适一变化而进行产品生产工艺、技术的革新,而工艺技术革新,最终带来整个集群装备的更新、提高,从而改变整个集群生态环境,提升集群素质,使集群走上健康发展轨道。从中可以得出这样的结论：封产品高要求的顾客的存在,是景德镇陶瓷特色产业集群不断进步的推动力。     

企业技术创新目标的特征及选择与设定初探

企业技术创新目标所具有的层次性、导向性、涌现性和不确定性等主要特征。在企业技术创新目标的选择与设定上存在的目标模糊不清、盲目求新求大、脱离市场实际等问题。探讨企业在技术创新目标的选择与设定方面应需要注意把握的具体问题,力图在这方面为企业技术创新实践提供一些启示和具体的可操作的方法。