Airing Your Dirty Laundry: A Quick Marketable Pollution Permits Game for the Classroom

In this article, the authors describe a simple classroom game that demonstrates the advantage of tradable emissions permits in regulating environmental pollution. Students take on the role of polluters who must consider the costs of complying with a uniform reduction and a tradable permits program. The class is divided into high-cost polluters and low-cost polluters so students can observe the gains from trade as high-cost students purchase pollution rights from the low-cost students in the tradable permits scenario. A major advantage of the game is that it can be conducted within as little as 20 minutes and does not require that students have prior knowledge of economics or regulatory policies. This makes the game appropriate for economics and noneconomics courses alike.     

Parents’ knowledge,behaviour and concerns of food chemical hazards: Korean mothers sending their preschool‐aged children to child care centres

Although incidences of foodborne illness caused by chemical hazards are increasing, the studies on public awareness of food chemical hazards are limited. This study was conducted to assess mothers’ knowledge, behaviour and concerns on diverse food chemical hazards. A total of 960 mothers sending their preschool‐aged children to child care centres in Gwanak‐Gu, Seoul, Korea were surveyed, and 633 (65.9%) returned the questionnaires. After excluding inappropriate questionnaires, 364 (37.9%) were analysed. The majority of the mothers were able to identify food categories containing acrylamide (83.2%) and trans fat (80.2%), while slightly over half of the mothers named food categories containing allergen (56.3%) or pesticide residues (57.1%). Less than two thirds of mothers were knowledgeable of human exposure pathway to environmental contaminants (59.3%), acrylamide (55.2%) or heavy metals (65.9%). A significant number of mothers showed familiarity on health risk from dietary exposure to environmental contaminants (82.4%), trans fat (91.5%) or heavy metals (96.7%) (P < 0.05). The data on safe food behaviour towards environmental contaminants (81.8%), acrylamide (98.0%), heavy metals (96.7%) and trans fat (90.6%) showed high levels of right behaviours. About 47.2% and 22.8% of mothers read label of food additives and ingredient statement on allergen when purchasing processed foods, respectively. Mothers seemed to be concerned about food chemical hazards. Among the sociodemographic characteristics, only age significantly differentiated mothers’ concerns on chemical hazards in foods (P < 0.05). This study suggests that mothers needed to be educated on food chemical hazards regardless of their education levels, occupation status or the number of child.     

基于灰色系统理论的环境污染影响因素分析——以河北省为例

河北省经济持续快速增长,但增长方式仍为＂粗放＂模式,环境代价大,与建设＂资源节约型、环境友好型＂社会的总体目标尚有差距。运用灰色关联分析方法对河北省的环境污染影响因素进行了实证研究,结果显示,产业结构是目前影响环境的最主要因素,技术效应和经济规模是影响环境的重要因素。进而有针对性地提出,＂十二五＂期间河北省要切实转变经济发展方式,大力调整产业结构,加大环保投入,充分发挥技术效应对改善环境的积极作用。     

基于进化博弈的农业非点源减排研究

农业非点源减排的实施是实现水环境质量和成本效率双重目标的关键.文章基于进化博弈理论,分析了有限理性的非点源农户之间、非点源农户与点源企业之间采取不同策略的群体比例的动态变化,以及进化稳定策略的对应条件,认为政府的干预力度和消费者的支付意愿及排污权交易的有效实施,可以改变非点源的博弈得益矩阵,进而诱导非点源选择减排策略.     

新型复合絮凝剂处理磷化废水的实验研究

用一种新型复合絮凝剂对金属表面处理后的磷化废水的除磷获得较好效果,实验结果表明,通过控制磷化废水的pH、絮凝剂的投加量及沉淀时间等参数,使废水中磷的去除率高达99.6%,分别较传统絮凝剂的磷去除率提高21.3%和18.1%,出水磷质量浓度仅为0.32 mg/L,达到国家综合污水排放一级标准;同时磷化废水中的COD和SS的去除率也能达到78.6%和83.6%,絮凝剂及其处理成本均明显低于传统絮凝剂,具有明显的经济与环境效益.     

Applying Ethical Concepts to the Study of “Green” Consumer Behavior: An Analysis of Chinese Consumers’ Intentions to Bring their Own Shopping Bags

Drawing on the general ethics and social psychology literature, this study presents a model to delineate the major factors likely to affect consumers’ intentions to bring their own shopping bags when visiting a supermarket (called “bring your own bags” or “BYOB” intention). The model is empirically validated using a survey of 250 Chinese consumers. Overall, the findings support the hypothesized direct influence of teleological evaluation and habit on BYOB intention, as well as that of deontological evaluation and teleological evaluation on ethical judgment about the BYOB practice. Teleological evaluation exerts a much stronger influence on ethical judgment than does deontological evaluation. In addition, the findings reveal that consumers who perceive the BYOB practice to be more important are more inclined to rely on their ethical judgment to derive their BYOB intention. Academically, these findings provide some encouraging evidence for the application of general ethics theories to explain green consumption-related practices. Practically, the findings also suggest that a utilitarian approach (i.e., emphasizing the consequences of BYOB) may represent an effective means for the Chinese government to promote BYOB practice among consumers. Dr. Ricky Y. K. Chan is associate professor of the Department of Management and Marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research interests lie in green marketing and behavioral aspects of Chinese consumers. He has contributed to such journals as Business Horizons, European Journal of Marketing, International Business Review, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of International Marketing, Journal of Management Studies and Journal of Services Marketing. Dr. Y. H. Wong is associate professor of the Department of Management and Marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He is the author of a book, Guanxi: Relationship Marketing in a Chinese Context (co-authored with Dr. T. K. P. Leung). His research has been published in journals, including Industrial Marketing Management, International Business Review, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Journal of International Consumer Marketing and Journal of Services Marketing. Dr. T. K. P. Leung is associate professor of the Department of Management and Marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research areas include business to business marketing, Chinese cultures and their implications to Sino-foreign negotiation. He has published articles in such journals as European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of International Consumer Marketing and Marketing Intelligence and Planning. He also co-authored a research book with Dr. Y. H. Wong titled Guanxi: Relationship marketing in a Chinese context published by the Haworth Press.     

Technical Change and Measuring Pollution Abatement Costs: An Activity Analysis Framework

The cornerstones of studies that estimate the effectof environmental regulations on an economy areestimates of the pollution abatement costs incurred bythe manufacturing and electric utility sectors.However, there are concerns regarding the accuracy ofthe surveys used to generate these cost estimates.This paper demonstrates that technical change tends toresult in an increasing share of pollution abatementcosts being impossible to measure. This finding hasimportant implications for estimating the productivityeffects of environmental regulations, developingregulatory budgets, and data collection effortsrelated to environmental accounting.     

石家庄市的大气污染及其防治对策

石家庄市的大气环境质量,在全国47个城市中是比较差的,其大气污染的根源在市内,周边县(市)的污染起着推波助澜的作用,静风和逆温是形成严重污染的气象条件。治理石家庄市的大气污染,重点是提高、统一认识,继续优化市区的能源结构和工业布局,搬迁、治理严重污染的企业,改善生态环境,疏通道路,减少机动车排污等。     

农业转型与资源替代

本文通过对发达国家农业生产中出现的化肥施用量相对减少这一趋势的探讨,分析了我国农业化肥施用现状,并通过对作物秸杆作为燃料获取能量与生产化肥所消耗能量的对比,说明从节省能量的角度来看,用有机肥部分替代化肥具有一定的合理性;指出在我国要实现肥料间的替代,首先要解决农村生活资料的替代问题。揭示出资源间的连锁替代是我国实现有机农业的关键。     

化工生产企业采购化学品过程风险分析

随着我国经济的快速发展,国家越来越重视现有的化工生产企业采购化学品过程风险管理工作。化工企业在采购化学品时其实存在着较大的风险,因此必须要根据现有的企业运行情况,选择合适的化学品采购方法,以提升其基本的效用。论文主要针对现阶段的危化工生产企业采购化学品过程风险管理进行有效分析并提出合理化建议。